Unit 1 vocab - culture
Terms
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- Cultural Anthropology
- The study of humans as social beings
- Artifacts
- The handmade objects that humans use or have used
- Cultural Diffusion
- the spread of ideas, customs and technology from one people to another (when one aspect of a certain culture is brought into another...the sharing of idea, cultural values, and objects...)
- Preferred (patterns of behavior)
- Several ways of behaving are acceptable. One is more highly regarded than the rest (choice of clothing...)
- Cultural determinism
- The idea that a cultural largely determines what we can or cannot become
- Theory
- Possible explanation on the basis of the certain facts gathered
- Historical archeologists
- scientist who are able to examine written records from the civilization they are studying
- Pidgin Languages
- Languages that are sharply reduced in their grammatical complexity and vocabulary ( china Russia border) (judai Arabic) (spanglish, pig latin, gangsta)
- Enculturation
- The process of making somebody a part of a culture
- Designs for living
- All patterns of behavior in a cultural group (the way they speak, eat, think, act, and act in like ways)
- Nonliterate
- People without a written language
- Human paleontology
- The careful study of human fossils
- Creoles
- Pidgin Languages that have become the first language of communities, replacing their original native language.
- Stereotyping
- Having a set notion about an individual or group (a fixed oversimplified assumption image of a person or group of people...)
- Active one-way bilingualism
- If only one of the two groups that speak different languages learns the language of its neighbors
- Cultural constants
- Similarities between all cultures (economic structures, social institution and values, religion and morals, and language and communication
- Compulsory (patterns of behavior)
- The culture provides only one accepted way of doing things (people must wear clothes in public...)
- Norms
- Social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in certain situations
- Ethology
- The study of the behavior of animals in their natural environment
- Linguistics
- All the languages of the world (past and present) (written and unwritten)
- Prehistoric archeologists
- scientist who study groups of people before the time of written history
- Human genetics
- The study of how some traits appear and others disappear in the process of heredity
- Biblical archeology
- the study of sites mentioned in the bible
- Typical (patterns of behavior)
- Several ways of behaving are more or less acceptable. One is more common (type of greeting...)
- Conspicuous consumption
- Outward display of goods
- Fossils
- Remains of human or humanlike animals
- Physical anthropology
- The study of humans as physical beings
- Alternative (patterns of behavior)
- Several ways of behaving are acceptable. None is considered better than the other.
- Active two- way bilingualism
- if speakers of two different languages at least to some extent learn to speak the language of their neighbors.
- Vernacular
- A characteristic language of a particular group of people (basically everyday speech)
- Ethnology
- The study of nonliterate (doesn't necessarily have to be a nonliterate location) people and their cultures in many parts of the world
- Anthropology
- The scientific study of man (past and present...and all their cultures as well)
- Potlatch ceremony
- A ceremony in which the host burns his money and goods to show off his wealth (type of conspicious consumption)...way to show off one's status/prestige
- Lingua Francas
- A common language used for wider communication between speakers from different places. For Example: a Norwegian, a Hungarian, and a Japanese communicate through English
- Folkways
- Patterns of conventional behavior in a society (norms that apply to everyday maters)
- Culture
- All the aspects of a person's surroundings that effect who they are. Culture is how a society produces: institutions, materials, and ideas
- mission language
- The Concept of a local language being adopted as the language of administration by a colonial or conquering power or vice versa. For Example: Christian missionaries introducing English
- Participant-observation
- research method involving direct participation of the researcher in the events being studied
- Scientific approach
- the fact that scientists approach any subject with an open mind
- Restricted (patterns of behavior)
- Certain ways of behaving are acceptable only for some members of society, but not for the society as a whole (a doctor can prescribe medicines...nobody else can)
- Cultural relativism
- The idea of understanding another culture before making generalizations about it...
- Saashi
- The anticipation of another's message through insightful guesswork is considered an indication of maturity (japanese value)
- Ethnography
- Written study (scientist write in ethnographic present: describing something as it still exists today)
- Ethnocentrism
- Belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group (opposite is practicing cultural relativism)
- Omoiyari
- Empathy - it should NOT be necessary to state one's meaning blatantly (you don't need to be explicit...)
- Mores
- Customs, set of generally accepted moral governances....established practices of a society....
- Classical archeology
- the study of ancient civilizations such as Greece and Rome