Chapter 02 Personalities
Terms
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- personality
- behavior, thoughts, motives that characterize individuals
- trait
- characteristic of an individual
- psychoanalysis
- theory of personality and a method of psychotherapy developed by Sigmund Freud. Emphasized the uncouncious
- psychodynamic theories
- theories that explain behavior and personality in terms of uncounscious dynamics within the individual
- Id
- the part of personality containing inherited psychic energy, particularly sexual and aggressive instincts
- libido
- sex drive
- ego
- the part of personality that represents, REASOn , good sense and self control
- superego
- represents councious morality and social standards
- defense mechanisms
- methods used by the ego to prevent uncouncious anxiety form entering the counciousness; 6 common ones
- repression
- blocking an old bad memory
- projection
- a persons own's feeling are projected unto someone else
- displacement
- taking out feelings on someone that didn't cause them
- Reaction formation
- taking a negative feeling and converting it to a positive one
- regression
- occurs when a feeling/habit comes back due to stress/anxiety
- denial
- occurs when someone refuses to admit something unpleasant
- psychosexual stages
- oral, anal, phallic (oedipal), latency, genital
- oedipus complex
- a child desires parent of opposite sex and viewing same sex as rival
- Clara Thompson & Karen Horny
- disputed penis envy, said men had womb envy
- Carl Jung
- "Jungian Theory" all human beings share a collective uncouncios, containing archetypes
- archetype
- are universal memories, symbols, images (pics), themes
- shadow
- reflect prehistoric fear of wild animals and represents EVIL side of human nature
- anima and animus
-
anima: feminime archetype in men
animus: masculine archetype in women
feminine/masculine characteristics - object relation school
- a psychodynamic approach that emphesizes the infants first two years of life especially with mother
- mental representation
- representations of the mind
- illusion of causality
- A does not necessarily cause B
- objective test
- standardized questionnaires requiring written responses
- Gordon Allport
- most of us have between 5 to 10 personality traits
- central traits
- a characteristic way of behaving, dealing, and reacting to new situations
- secondary traits
- changeable aspects of personality
- Raymund B Catell
- developed factor analysis
- factor analysis
- a method for analysing the inter correlations among various measures of test scores
- The big 5 personality traits
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1. extraversion vs. intraversion
2. neurasism vs. emotional stability
3. agreeableness vs. antagonism
4. conscientiousness vs. impulsiveness
5. openess vs. resistance - genes
- functional units of heredity composed of DNA
- temperament
- disposition to respond to the enviroment in certain ways
- heritability
- how much of a trait is attributable to genetics
- behavioral genetics
- field of study concerned with genetic diferences between behavior and personality
- social cognitive learning theory
- view of personality which holds personality traits resulting from a person's learning history and his or her expectations beliefs, perceptions of events, and other cognitions
- reciprocal determinism
- a two way interaction between aspects of the enviroment and aspects of the individual in the shaping of personality traits
- nonshared enviroment
- unique aspects of a person's enviroment and experience that are not shared with family members
- culture
- values, beliefs and attitudes shared by a society
- culture of honor
- trivial insults that degrade a man's honor causing him to retaliate to regain honor
- Abraham Moslow
- Humanist dude. Self-actualization.
- Self-actualization
- the person who strives for HAPPINESS. A life that is challenging, meaninful and satisfaying
- Carl Rogers
- Humanist whore. Fully functional individual. Fully fuctional people experience harmony.
- congruance
- harmony. Warm, trusting, openess "Unconditional positive regard"
- unconditional positive regard
- Roger's deal. unconditional love.
- Rollo May
- Free will and freedom of choice. White MLK.
- extentialism
- a philosophic approach that emphasized the inevitable dilemmas and chanlenges of human existense