abnormal psych

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humanistic paradigm(2): paradigm that emphasizes personal independence, freedom to choose and control over one's own destiny; optimistic human nature.
psychoanalytic paradigm(2): paradigm that uses unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences to understand abnormal behavior.
cognitive paradigm(2): paradigm based on idea that attributions an perceptions are the cause of abnormal behavior; thinking and processing information leads to action.
id(2): pleasure principle, first to develop, requires immediate gratification.
rational emotive therapy(2): (cognitive paradigm) which focuses on resolving emotional and behavioral problems and disturbances and enabling people to lead happier and more fulfilling lives.
basic research (4): deals with the mechanism of learning and habit forming; looks how social forces influence behavior; emphasizes the importance of biological factors.
conditioned stimulus(2): principle of CLASSICAL CONDITIONING (behavioral); begins as neutral stimulus; repeated pairing with an unconditioned stimulus comes to produce a conditioned response.
psychoanalytic theory of personality(2): id, ego, superego.
therapist(1): master of arts (MA) or master of science (MS) degree with training in counseling children, adults, and families.
dependent variable(4): specific aspects you will be measuring
behavior therapy(2): the therapy that focuses on only changing a person's specific behaviors in the present day.
Diathesis(1): a predisposition to a specific disorder.
unconditioned positive regard(2): (humanistic paradigm) acceptance by the counselor of the client's feelings and actions without judgment or condemnation.
catharsis(2): the expression of emotions connected to memories an conflicts.
behavioral paradigm(2): paradigm based on the idea that abnormal behavior develops through principles of learning and the environment.
clinical psychologist(1): Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) or Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) degree trained for psychological assessment, therapy, research, teaching.
unconditioned stimulus(2): principle of CLASSICAL CONDITIONING (behavioral); stimulus that elicits an automatic response.
insight oriented(2): type of treatment of PSYCHOANALYTIC PARADIGM, recognition of the causes of emotional distress.
cognitive therapy(2): a therapy that focuses on challenging peoples maladaptive interpretations of events or ways of thinking and replacing them with more adaptive ways of thinking.
Unconditional positive regard(2): a key ingredient in Rogers client-centered therapy to develop the realtionship between therapist and client.
operant conditioning (treatments)(2): contingency management, token economies
the diathesis-stress model(1): hypothesis that both an inherited tendency and specific stressful conditions are required to produce a disorder.
humanistic therapy(2): the therapy that attempts to help the client discover his or her potentialities and place in the world and to accomplish self-actualization through self-exploration. Otherwise known as a person-centered therapy.
syndrome(1): group of symptoms that appear together and represent a type of disorder
defense mechanisms(2): unconscious distortions of reality to protect the ego.
biological paradigm(2): paradigm based on the idea that PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES are responsible for abnormal behavior. Looks at GENETICS, ILLNESS, DISEASE, DRUG EFFECTS, & TOXICITY.
couples therapy(2): (sociocultural)treat the relationship rather than individual
delusions(1): idiosyncratic, belief not shared by others; psychotic symptom involving disorder of though content and presence of strong beliefs that are misrepresentations of reality.
unconditioned response(2): principle of CLASSICAL CONDITIONING (behavioral); automatic reaction to an event
therapeutic alliance(2): the therapist creates a relationship of trust with the client that gives the client the freedom and courage to explore difficult issues.
correlational studies(2): type of BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH that looks at the relationship btwn two variables.
controlled studies(2): type of BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH conducted by manipulating one variable and observing the effects produced in another variable.
psychodynamic therapy(2): (psychological) therapies that focuses on uncovering and resolving unconscious conflicts that drive psychological symptoms.
client-centered therapy(2): best known of the person-centered therapies, developed by Carl Rogers.
hypothesis(4): educated guess about what you expect to find
behavioral assessment(2): when the therapist works with the client to identify the specific circumstances that seem to elicit the client's negative behavior or emotional response.
pedigree studies(2): type of BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH in which the family trees of individuals with a specific disorder are searched for relatives with similar disorders.
repression(2): in psychoanalytic theory, a process that forces unwanted material from the conscious to the unconsious.
in vivo exposure(2): actually experiencing the stimuli directly that causes anxiety
research design(4): specific process for measuring the various aspects of your hypothesis
ego analysis(2): type of treatment of PSYCHOANALYTIC PARADIGM, focuses on the egos role in dealing with reality.
role play(2): the therapist takes the role of a perosn to whom the client feels she reacts badly.
conscious, preconscious, unconscious(2): three levels of mental functioning of PSYCHOANALYTIC PARADIGM.
primary prevention(1): goal is to eliminate the cause of the problem and prevent its occurrence. Achieved when cause of disorder is known and method of prevention is available.
psychopathology(1): the scientific study of psychological disorders
secondary prevention(1): goal is early identification and amelioration. takes place later than primary prevention, after abnormal process has begun but before disorder is fully developed.
hallucinations(1): seeing or hearing things that are not really happening while maintaining a belief that they are really happening.
ego(2): reality principle, develops after age two, mediates btwn id and world.
psychoanalyst(1): trained in psychoanalysis, the school of psychology developed by Sigmund Freud
psychosis(1): out of contact with reality; group of severe psychological disorders.
flooding(2): exposing clients to feared stimuli or situations to an excessive degree while preventing them from avoiding that situation.
prospective studies(2): type of BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH that identifies potential high risk patients before they develop a disorder and follows them over time to see if any disorders develop.
positive reinforcement(2): principle of OPERANT CONDITIONING (behavioral); onset of stimulus increases frequency of behavior; used to get behavior to continue.
naturalistic observation(2): type of BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH conducted by observing people or animals in their natural setting.
oral, anal, phallic, latent,genital(2): psychosexual stages of development (psychoanalytic paradigm)
independent variable(4): influences on the dependent variable.
case study method(4): extensive observation and detailed description of a client; foundation of early historical developments in psychopathology.
reflection(2): a method of responding in which the therapist expresses her attempt to understand what the client is experiencing and trying to communicate.
twin studies(2): type of BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH in which the influence of heredity and environment are studied by examining twins raised apart from natural parents or identical twins.
stress(1): a precipitating event or experience.
etiology(1): causes of psychopathology; cause or source of a disorder.
Biological, psychoanalytic, behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, sociocultural(2): multidimensional model approaches
transference(2): it occurs when the client reacts to the therapist as if the therapist were some important person in his early development.
services research (4): looks at how services are provided to clients current health care system is complex with divided responsibilites; emphasizes need for improved communication among service providers.
Psychiatrist(1): medical doctor (MD with training emphasis on mental disorders can describe psychiatric medications and hospitalize patients
psychodynamic therapy(2): type of treatment of PSYCHOANALYTIC PARADIGM, more actively involved with clients,, shorter term therapy, and more directive.
self actualization(2): (humanistic paradigm) ppl strive to achieve their highest q against difficult life experiences.
psychological dysfunction(1): breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning.
systematic desensitization(2): (behavioral paradigm/classical conditioning) anxiety reduction by developing hierarchy of fears and pairing relaxation techniques with each step on the hierarchy.
meditated learning(2): (behavioral paradigm) avoidance learning based on classical and instrumental conditioning.
tertiary prevention(1): goal is to limit after-effects of disorder and rehabilitate those with the behavior disorder. Aims to help the indiviual return to better level of functioning or prevent disorder form worsening.
social skills training (treatments)(2): cognitive-behavioral , attribution retraining, self-instruction retraining
epidemiology(1): incidence and prevelance; psychopathology research method examining the prevalence, distribution and consequences of disorders in population.
response shaping(2): an effective tool used in operant conditioning to alter the response of a child to a situation.
multidimensional integrative approach(2): approach to the study of psychopathology that holds psychological disorders as always being the products of multiple interacting causal factors.
group therapy(2): (sociocultural) social interaction, support, & encouragement.
social paradigm(2): paradigm that looks at combination of factors on development of abnormal behavior (culture, society, ethnicity, class, gender, religion, sexuality)
classical conditioning (treatments)(2): systematic desensitization, in vivo desensitization, flooding, aversion therapy.
negative reinforcement(2): principle of OPERANT CONDITIONING (behavioral); cessation of stimulus to increase frequency of behavior; used to get behavior to continue by removing something unwanted or unpleasant.
sublimination(2): psychodynamic defense mechanism in which the person redirects energy from conflict and anxiety into more constructive outlets, such as work.
resistance(2): the reluctanc of a client to talk about certain material
(1) deviating from statistical norm (2) causing personal distress (3) exhibiting maladaptive qualities (4) violating social norms (1): definitions of abnormal behavior
psychotropic medications(1): drugs that alleviate symptoms of psychological disorders, invented in the 50's and prescribed by psychiatrist.
aversion therapy(2): (behavioral paradigm/classical conditioning) treatment in which the patient is exposed to a stimulus while simultaneously being subjected to some form of discomfort.
neuropsychological assessments(3): assessment of the functioning and structure of the brain
superego(2): conscience, may never develop.
family therapy(2): (Sociocultural) addresses relationships, patterns of alliance, parenting styles, roles, boundaries
psychophysiological assessments(3): use of physiological instruments to record and make inferences abotu behaviors
Social worker(1): master of social work (MSW) degree with training in social policy, sociology, counseling.
conditioned response(2): principle of CLASSICAL CONDITIONING (behavioral); response elicited by conditioned stimulus.
systems theory(2): (sociocultural) reciprocal influences across biological, psychological, and social functioning.
psychometrics(3): science of psychological measurements
Treatment research (4): examines the efficacy of treatment models; looks at treatment process and outcomes
modeling(2): (behavioral paradigm) observational learning, imitation learning, learning by watching others
implosive therapy(2): exposing clients to feared stimuli or situations to an excessive degree while preventing them from avoiiding situations.
punishment(2): principle of OPERANT CONDITIONING (behavioral); onset of stimulus decreases the frequency of behavior; used to eliminate or reduce behavior.
psychotherapy(2): (psychological) usually a therapist talking with a person suffering from the disorder about his or her symptoms and what is contributing to these symptoms.
psychatric nurse(1): registered nurse (RN) treating hospitalized patients in psychatric setting

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