Chapter 3 Science Test
For Mr. Meiselman's class
Cooper 7
Cooper 7
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- genotype
- an organism's genetic makeup (allele combinations)
- amino acids
- building block of proteins
- codon
- three letter sequence that translates to a specific Amino Acid
- messenger RNA
- copies the coded message from the DNA in the nucleus, and carries the message into the cytoplasm
- transcription
- copy the DNA into RNA
- codominance
- when the alleles are neither dominant nor recessive - neither allele is masked in the offspring
- meiosis
- the process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form sex cells
- translation
- change RNA into the language of Amino Acids
- probability
- the likelihood that a particular event will occur
- genetics
- the scientific study of heredity
- egg
- female sex cell
- heterozygous
- an organism that has 2 different alleles for a trait
- homozygous
- an organism that has 2 identical alleles for a trait
- 3 types of RNA
- 1.Messenger RNA 2.Transfer RNA 3. Ribosomal RNA
- heredity
- the passing of traits from parents to offspring
- phenotype
- an organism's physical appearance (visible traits)
- traits
- physical characteristics
- recessive allele
- only shown if dominant allele is not present
- sex cells
- gametes- found in the ovary and the testes
- dominant allele
- trait always shows up in the organelle when the allele is present
- transfer RNA
- carries amino acids and adds them to the growing protein
- genes
- the factors that control traits
- Walter Sutton
- 1903- geneticist- studied grasshoppers found that the number of chromosomes in the sex cells are half the number in the somatic cells
- somatic cell
- body cells- Mitosis
- sperm
- male sex cell
- incomplete dominance
- when two dominant alleles are expressed, there is a blending of traits
- protein synthesis
- the building of proteins
- purebred
- (homozygous) always produces offspring w/ the same form of a trait as the parent
- Punnett square
- a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
- alleles
- different forms of a gene
- mutation
- any change that occurs in a gene or chromosome
- hybrid
- (heterozygous) have two different alleles for a trait