0Prologue
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- what did Socrates and plato think abt death?
- they both thought that twhen they died their mind would somehow continue on.They thought their minds would be freed from their bodily prison
- Did Plato and Socrates consider knowledge innate?
- they thought some knowledge was innate
- what did Aristotle think abt knowledge?
- Aristotle gained his knowledge from careful observations. In his opinion, our mind is a tabula rasa or a blank slate
- Would Rene Descartes have agreed with Aristotle or Socrates about knowledge being innate/learned thru experience
- Rene Descartes would have agreed with Socrates. He would have said yes knowledge is innate and the mind is distinct from the body.
- who was Franis Bacon?
- he was the founder of modern science. He based his research on more practical judgments, such as, experience
- John Locke in his essay Concerning Human Understanding said what about our mind at birth
- He said that the mind was a blank slate at birth that experience writes upon
- what two things are associated with empiricism
-
1)knowledge comes from experience
2)science flourishes thru OBSERVATION and experimentation - who started the first psychological lab with his students?
- Wilhelm Wundt
- what is intropection?
- that is when a person self reflects
- Who introduced structuralism?
- Edward Bradford Titchener
- What does introspection have to do with structuralism?
- Structuralism was an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the mind.
- Instead of sudying the mind by examining its individual parts this man tried to figure out why things were the way they are. Who am I talking about
- William James
- William James was a functionalist influenced by Darwin's idea of natural selection. How is this influence shown in functionalism?
- Functionalism focuses on how mental and behavioral processes function. It studies what it is that makes the mind adapt, survive and flourish
- Who was the first woman to earn the right to a Harvard degree but refused it?
- Maryk Calkins was tutored alone by William James since all the other students dropped his class in 1890 when she tried to join.
- What is significant abt Calkins besides her right to a Harvard degree (which was denied to her)
- Mary Calkins was the first female president of the APA in 1905
- Who wrote the Animal Mind and became president in 1921. For what other reasons is she important?
- Margaret Floy Washburn wrote the Animal mind and became the 2nd APA vice pres in 1921. Her theseis was the first foreign study in Wundt's journal.
- What kept Margaret Floy Washburn from becoming a part of the organzation of experimental psychologists
- Although the organization of experimental psychologists was founded by Washburns own graduate adviser, Titchener, she was unable to join becuz of her gender.
- how did psychology change after the 1920s?
- Introspection was dismissed and psychology was redefined as the science of observable behavior.
- what is psychology
- it is the study of mental and behavior processes
- what is the nature-nurture issue
- it is the controversy over the relative contributions that genes (nature/Descarte)and experience(John Locke) make to the development of psychological traits and behavior.
- How did Darwin's origin of Species spport the idea that ideas are innate?
- It supported that ideas are innate and it explained the diversity of life
- What vocab word describes the following:the most useful trait for survival will be passed on to succeeding generations
- natural selection
-
what are the 5 perspectives of psychology?
think of a BB-pen -
1)behavioral
2)behavior genetics
3)psychodynamic
4)evolutionary
5)nueroscience - wat is the behavioral perspective of psychology?
- Behavioral is how we learn observable responses. i.e. someone may study facial expressions
- How is behavior genetics different from the behavioral part of psychology?
- Behavioral has to do w/wat we learn while behavior genetics is how much our genes and environment influence our individual differences. i.e. how heredity and experience influence personality
- This perspective pertains to how our behavior springs from unconcscious drives and conflicts
- This perspective would be psychodynamic. i.e. outburst may be unconscious hostility
- What princple of psychology reminds you of Darwin and why
- The evolutionary principle of psyhcology reminds me of Darwin since somme of our current genes might facilitated the survival of our ancestors
- what type of research aims to increase the knowledge base of science?
- Basic research is pure science that is based on experiments to increase our knowledge base
- What type research would most ppl find applicable to their everyday lives?
- Applied research pertains more to everyday ppl since it is a scientific study that aims to solve practical problems (science applied to life). i.e. tests in the workplace
- what branch of psychology studies, asseses and treats ppl with psychological disorders?
- clinical psychology
- how is psychiatry different from clinical psychcology
- While psychology focuses solely on treating the person Psychiatry combines both medical treatment with psychological therapy.
- Who wrote the principles of psychology and why was it significant
- William James wrote the Principles of psychology. It was the first text describing psychology.
- who created the first lab for psychology and created psychology itself as a result
- Wilhelm Wundt
- edward titchener was primarily concerned with the study of
- sensory experiences
- ivan pavlor pioneered the study of
- learning