Genetics Vocab
Terms
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copy deck
- segregation
- separation
- mitosis
- produces 2 genetically identical diploid cells
- diploid
- cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes; "two sets"
- Genetics
- the scientific study of heredity; passing of traits from parent to offspring
- hybrid
- offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
- True-breeding
- allowed to self-pollinate; producing offspring identical to themselves
- polygenic traits
- traits controlled by 2 or more genes; "having many genes"
- meiosis
- produces 4 genetically different haploid cells
- Punnett square
- diagram of gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross
- Independent Assortment
- genes such as, seed shape & seed color, segregate independently; they do not influence each other's inheritance
- genotype
- genetic makeup for a trait (e.g., RR, Rr, rr)
- crossing-over
- process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis
- haploid
- cell containing only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes
- gene map
- diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosome
- homozygous
- organisms that are true-breeding for a particular trait
- recessive allele
- gene that shows up less often in a cross; represented by a lower case letter
- multiple alleles
- genes having more than 2 possible combinations of alleles - but NOT more than 2 alleles
- gamete
- sex cells
- homologous
- chromosomes having a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent
- dominant allele
- stronger of 2 genes expressed in the hybrid; represented by a capital letter
- Incomplete dominance
- when one allele is not completely dominant over another
- Codominance
- when both alleles contribute to the phenotype of the organism
- probability
- likelihood that an event will occur
- meiosis
- process of reduction division / the # of chromosomes per cell is cut in half thru the seperation of the homologous chromosomes
- tetrad
- structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis
- genes
- chemical factors that determine traits
- heterozygous
- organisms are hybrid for a particular trait
- homozygous
- organisms that have 2 identical alleles for the same trait
- phenotype
- physical characteristics resulting from a genotype (eg. red, white)
- trait
- any characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring; specific characteristic that varies from one indivdual to another;
- heterozygous
- organisms that have 2 different alleles for a particular trait
- alleles
- different forms of a gene; 2 forms: dominant & recessive