Biology - Chapter 11
Terms
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- Gene
- Sequence of DNA that determines a trait
- Carpel
- Innermost part of a flower that produces the female haploid
- Stamen
- The male part of a flower
- DNA
- Carries genetic information in a cell
- Genetics
- Scientific study of heredity
- Homozygous
- Refers to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait
- Heterozygous
- Refers to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait
- Dominant trait
- Trait that appears
- Recesive trait
- Trait that is hidden
- Alleles
- A number of different forms of a gene
- Phenotype
- Physical characteristics of an organism
- Genotype
- Genetic makeup of an organism
- (P) Parental Generation
- Generation of individuals of different genotypes that are mated --> produces hybrids
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(F1) First Filial
(F2) Second Filial -
1 - sequence of generations following the parental generation (grandchildren)
2 - great grandchildren - Test-Cross
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A cross between one that has the dominant phenotype and one that has a homozygous recessive
- Helps determins genotype of offspring - Law of Segregation
- Separation of different versions of the same gene into different gametes
- Independent Assortment
- Genes on different chromosomes that can be inherited in any combination
- Law of Dominance
- If there is a dominant trait, it will be expressed
- Diploid
- A cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes
- Chromosome
- Structure with in the nucleus containing genetic information that is passed from one generation to the next
- Cross-Fertilization
- Fertilization by the union of gametes from different individuals
- Pollination
- Transfer of pollen from the male haploid to the femal haploid
- Probability
- Likelihod that a particular event will occur
- Punnet Square
- Diagram showing gene combination that might result from a genetic cross
- Pure Breeding
- When two indiviuals breed of unmixed lineage over many generations
- Trait
- Specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another
- Meiosis
- Process by which the number of chromosomes is cut in half
- Dihybrid
- The hybrid of parents that differ at only two genetic loci
- Haploid
- Cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes -- single set of genes