MVHS AP biology Chapter 13 vocab
Terms
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copy deck
- transmission of traits from one generation to the next
- heredity
- differences btw. memebers of the same species
- variation
- scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation
- Genetics
- coded information in the form of hereditary units
- genes
- a genes specific location on a chromosome
- locus
- a single individual is sole parent, passes copies of all its genes to its offspring
- asexual reproduction
- a group of genetically identical individuals
- clone
- two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents
- sexual reproduction
- generation-to-gerneration sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism
- life cycle
- any cell of multicellular organism except sperm or egg cells
- somatic cell
- method of organizing chromosomes of a cell in relation to number, size, and type
- karyotype
- have the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern
- homologous chromosomes
- one of the pair of chromosomes respomsible for determining the sex of an individual
- sex chromosomes
- A chromosome that is not directly invovled in determining sex
- autosomes
- a haploid cell such as an egg or sperm
- gametes
- cell containing only one set of chromosomes
- haploid cell
- union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote
- fertilization
- cellular union during fertilization
- syngamy
- fertilized egg
- zygote
- cell containing 2 sets of chromosomes
- diploid cell
- 2-stage type of cell division; results in cells w/ half the chromosome number of the original cell
- meiosis
- life cycle in which there are 2 forms: multicellular diploid (sporophyte), and multicellular haploid(gametophyte)
- alternation of generations
- results from union of gametes, produces haploid spores that grow into gametophytes
- sporophyte
- haploid cell that divideds mitotically, generating a gametophyte
- spores
- haploid form, mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation
- gametophyte
- 1st division of a two-stage process, results in cells w/ half the chromosome number of the original cell
- meiosis 1
- 2nd division, results in cells w/ half the chromosome number of the original cell
- meiosis 2
- the pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis
- synapsis
- paired set of homologous chromosomes, each composed of two sister chromatids
- tetrad
- X-Shaped region representing homologous chromatids that have exchange genetic material through crossing over
- chiasmata
- exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during meiosis 1
- crossing over
- created when crossing over combines the DNA from 2 parents into a single chromosome
- recombinant chromosomes