*Ch. 8 Bio Terms*
bio ch.8 terms. quiz wednesday
Terms
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- pedigree
- family history that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations
- phenotype
- observable characteristics of an organism
- F2 generation
- the offspring from crosses among individuals of the F1 generation
- multiple alleles
- the existance of more than two alleles (versions of the gene) for a genetic trait
- punnett square
- diagram used by biologists to predict the probable outcome of a genetic cross
- allele
- an alternative form of a gene
- test cross
- a genetic cross of an individual whose phenotype is dominanat but whose genotype is unknown, with a homozygous recessive individual
- heredity
- transmission of genetic traits from parent to offspring
- probability
- the likelihood that a specific event will occur
- heterozygous
- refers to an individual with two different alleles for a trait
- genotype
- the genetic makeup of an organism as indicated by its set of alleles
- codominance
- condition in which both alleles for a gene are expressed when present
- law of segregation
- first law of heredity stating that pairs of alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formed
- polygenic trait
- characteristic of an organism that is influenced by several genes
- law of independent assortment
- second law of heredity stating that pairs of genes separate independantly of one another in meiosis
- F1 generation
- the first offspring from a cross of two varieties in the parental (P) generation
- P generation
- (parent generation) the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross
- true-breeding
- displaying only one form of a particular trait in offspring
- recessive
- genetic trait that is not expressed when the contrasting form of the trait is present
- incomplete dominance
- condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of its two parents
- monohybrid cross
- cross involving one pair of contrasting traits
- dominant
- genetic trait that is expressed when its allele is homozygous or heterozygous
- genetics
- study of heredity
- homozygous
- refers to an individual with two identical alleles for a trait
- sex-linked trait
- a trait that is determined by a gene found on the X chromosome