Ch. 12 Vocab
Terms
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copy deck
- law of segregation
- Mendelian principle explaining the disappearance of a specific trait in the F1 generation and its reappearence in the F2 generation
- homologous chromosomes
- paired chromosomes with genes for the same traits arranged in the same order
- homozygous
- having identical alleles for particular trait
- dipliod
- a cell with two copies of each type of chromosomes is considered to be a dipliod (2n) cell
- allele
- gene form for each variation fo a trait of an organism
- dihybrid cross
- fertilization between two organisms to study the inheritance of two different traits
- crossing over
- exchange of genetic material by non-sister chromatids during late prophaseI of meiois resulting in new combinations of alleles
- dominant
- visible; observable traits of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait
- heterozygous
- having nonidentical alleles for a particular trait
- genetic recombination
- major source of genetic variation resulting from crossing over or random assortment
- egg
- female sex cell or gamete
- fertilization
- fusion of male and female gametes
- law of independent assortment
- Mendelian principle explaining that different traits are inherited in dependently if on different chromosomes
- gamete
- male and female sex cells; sperm and eggs
- genetics
- branch of biology that studies heredity
- genotype
- an organism's gene combination
- haploid
- a cell of an organism that has half the number(n) of chromosomes; one of each type of chromosomes that makes up the genotype
- heredity
- passing on of charateristics from parents offspring; first major studies were done by Gregor Mendel in the 1800s
- sexual reproduction
- reproductive pattern in which haploid gametes fuse to produce a diploid zygote, which then develops by mitosis into a new organism
- sperm
- male sex cell or gamete
- zygote
- fertilzed egg; has a diploid (2n)number of chromosomes; develops into a multicellular organism by mitosis
- trait
- inherited characteristic in simple Mendelian inheritance can be either dominant or recessive
- recessive
- hidden trait of an organism that is masked by a dominant trait
- pollination
- in a flower the process of transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma
- phenotype
- outward appearance of an organism, regardless of its genes
- meiosis
- cell division in which one diploid (2n) cell produces four haploid(n)cells called sex cells or gametes, which have half the number of chromosomes as a body cell of a parent