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Prelab 2 vocab

Terms

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gene
The fundamental unit of heredity. Consists of a sequence of DNA bases that carries the information for synthesizing a protein (or polypeptide) and occupies a specific chromosomal locus.
Mendel’s Principal of Independent Assortment
Genes found on different chromosomes are sorted into six sex cells independently of one another.
Mitosis
Somatic cell division in which a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells.
Meiosis
Cell division that occurs in the testes and ovaries that leads to the formation of sperm and ova (gametes).
Chromosomes
Discrete structures of composed of condensed DNA and supporting proteins.

Zygote
A fertilized egg.
Gametes
The sex cells: sperms in males and eggs (ova) in females.
Alleles
Alternative versions of a gene. Alleles are distinguished from one another by their differing effects on the phenotypic expression of the same gene.
Homozygous
Having the same allele at the loci for a gene on both members of a pair of homologous chromosomes (or autosomes).
Heterozygous
Having two different alleles at the loci for a gene on a pair of homologous chromosomes (or autosomes).

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