Health Vocab Chapter 16
Terms
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- the moist protective lining that covers some of the openings to the body and the air passages
- Mucous Membranes
- tiny hair like structures that are in constant motion
- Cilia
- hollow spaces above the nasal cavity
- Sinuses
- throat
- Pharynx
- AKA windpipe, the pathway through which air moves from the pharynx into the chest
- Trachea
- voice box found at the top of the trachea
- Larynx
- cartilage-ringed tubes that go to each lung
- Bronchi
- elastic, spongy organs through which the body absorbs oxygen
- Lungs
- narrower branches off the bronchi
- Bronchioles
- tiny sacs located at the end of bronchioles
- Alveoli
- a dome shaped muscle that lies just below the lungs; the main muscle involved in breathing
- Diaphragm
- flu characterized by fever, headache, muscle aches, sore throat, and cough
- Influenza
- an infection in which fluids accumulate in the alveoli, decreasing the lungs’ ability to take in oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide
- Pneumonia
- a chronic bacterial disease that affects the lungs and other parts of the body
- Tuberculosis
- a disorder in which the air passages become narrower than normal and causes wheezing, coughing, and difficulty in breathing
- Asthma
- a reaction of the body to an irritating substance
- Allergy
- an inflammation and swelling of the bronchi
- Bronchitis
- a respiratory disorder in which the alveoli lose their ability to expand and contract
- Emphysema
- AKA Circulatory System, provides a pathway through which blood can carry materials throughout the body
- Cardiovascular System
- a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body
- Heart
- receives blood entering the heart
- Atrium
- the chamber that pumps blood from the heart to the rest of the body
- Ventricle
- the pathway that blood follows from the heart to the lungs
- Pulmonary Circulation
- the route that blood travels from the heart to most of the body and then back to the heart
- Systemic Circulation
- a group of cells in the right atrium wall that helps regulate the rate at which the heart beats or contracts
- Pacemaker
- the thick-walled, elastic vessels that carry blood away from the heart
- Arteries
- largest artery in the body and part of the systemic circulation
- Aorta
- carry blood to the heart muscle itself
- Coronary Arteries
- smaller blood vessels that branch off from arteries
- Arterioles
- the smallest blood vessels in the body
- Capillaries
- small blood vessels that join together to form veins
- Venules
- large, thin-walled, slightly elastic vessels that carry blood to the heart
- Veins
- the force with which blood pushes against the walls of the blood vessels
- Blood Pressure
- the force caused by the surge of blood that moves as a result of the contraction o the ventricles
- Systolic Pressure
- the force recorded when the ventricles are relaxed
- Diastolic Pressure
- the liquid part of blood
- Plasma
- the cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to all the parts of your body
- Red Blood Cells
- help protect the body against diseases and foreign substances
- White Blood Cells
- pieces of cells that start the process of blood clotting
- Platelets
- the procedure in which blood is taken from one person and transferred to someone else’s bloodstream
- Blood Transfusion
- AKA blood type, a classification based on whether certain proteins are present on the surface of the red blood cells
- Blood Group
- a protein that determines a blood group called the Rh group
- Rh factor
- a buildup o cholesterol and other fatty materials on artery walls, which restricts the flow of blood
- Atherosclerosis
- when the coronary arteries become clogged as a result of atherosclerosis
- Coronary Heart Disease
- a type of pain caused by a lack of oxygen
- Agina Pectoris
- when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked
- Heart Attack
- when structural problems of the heart are present at birth
- Congenital Heart Disorders
- damages the valves of the heart
- Rheumatic Heart Disease
- blood pressure that is consistently higher than normal
- Hypertension
- a condition in which the blood flow to a part of the brain is suddenly cut off
- Stroke
- a condition in which there are too few red blood cells or too little hemoglobin in the blood
- Anemia
- a condition in which red blood cells curve into a sickle shape because of a flaw in the hemoglobin
- Sickle Cell Disease
- repetitive, nonstop physical activity that raises the breathing and heart rates
- Aerobic Exercise