Biology -June
Terms
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- The order of the cell cycle
-
Interphase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase - Chromotids attached at
- centromere
- Phase of mitosis in which chromosomes move toward poles
- anaphase
- Interphase contains
-
S phase
G 1 phase
G 2 phase - Living things grow because
- they produce more cells
- As a result of mitosis
- Each new human cell receives 46 chromosomes
- Cytotkinesis occurs immediately after
- telophase
- Structure that helps move chromosomes apart during mitosis is
- the spindle
- At the beginning of mitosis
- chromosome consists of 2 sister chromotids
- 2 daughter cells result for a single cell through
- cytokinesis
- parent cell has 14 chromosomes before mitosis - each daughter cell will have
- 28
- fusion of egg and sperm is
- zygote
- most significant difference between mitosis and meiosis
- homologous pairs are split up in meiosis
- gametes
- do not have diploid cells
- punnet do not show
- actual outcome of a cross
- units of a chromosome that code for various traits
- genes
- traits are generally controlled by a minimum of
- 2 alleles
- one gene in a pair prevents the other from taking effect
- Dominance
- chief genetic material
- DNA
- variations of a gene
- alleles
- division of a cell resulting in cells with the haploid number of chromosomes
- meiosis
- two recessive genes =
- recessive trait
- 2 different dominant alleles in an organism
- codominance
- 2 unknown genotypes in offspring
- DD and Dd
- Rr
- heterozygous
- Cloning
- many identical cells produced
- plasmids
-
circular
replicate independently
often used as vectors - Recombinant DNA
- join DNA molecules from 2 different species
- restriction enzymes
- cut DNA at specific places
- human gene therapy
- transfers normal human genes into human cells that lack them
- gel eletrophoresis
- DNA fragments are separated and analyzed
- Lamarck's theory of evolution
- body structure can change according to the actions of the organism
- adaptation
- kong slow process of change in a species over time
- Kettlewell's study of peppered moths
- natural selection
- Darwins's theory of common descent
- come from a common ancestor
- Darwin's theory of natural selection
- variations best suited to the environment
- ultimate source of genetic variation
- mutation
- comparing human hemoglobin with that of gorillas
- fewest differences
- different species
- 2 populations that can no longer be interbred
- dispersion
- the way individuals are arranged in space
- carrying capacity
- population size that an environment can sustain
- statistical study of all populations
- demography
- genetic drift
- population decline due to catastrophic event
- normal distribution
- bell shaped curve
- migration
- causes gene flow
- human height
- polygenic trait
- does not promote evolution of a new species
- acquired characteristics
- phenotypes
- natural selection
- ecology
- study of interactions of living organisms with one another and their environment.
- place where a species lives
- habitat
- community
- species that live together
- ecosystem
- habitat + community
- food web
- shows mort detail about the feeding relationships in a community
- producers get energy
- sun
- trophic level charts the movement of _____ through the ecosystem
- energy
- primary consumers are found
- second
- detritivores
- feed on organic wastes and dead organisms
- limits the number of trophic levels
- loss of energy