clinical lab chemistry
Terms
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- where is glucose higher: venous or capillay blood?
- capillary
- oral glucose tolerance pregnancy?
-
load 100 grams glucose
diagnosed if fasting > 105 mg/dL
1 hr > 190 mg/dL
2 hr > 165
3 hr > 145 - most specific glucose determination enzymatic method
-
hexokinase method
(hexokinase catalyzes phosophorylatoin of glucose to G-6-PO4 in presence of NADP) - serum should be removed from cells to prevent decrease in glucose level due to glycolysis within....
- 1 hour
- what specimen needed for Hemoglobin A1c
- whole blood
- most common method for HbA1c
- affinity chromoatography
- when are ketones present in blood
-
breakdown of fatty acids:
- uncontrolled diabetes
- starvation
- vomiting
- low carbohydrate diet - reagent used to detect ketones
- Na Nitroprusside
- if blood drawn for cholesterol right away (without pt. steated at least 5 minutes) cholesterol level will be...
- higher
- most common method for cholesterol determination
-
cholesterol esterase
and cholesterol oxidase - friedwald formula for LDL cholesterol
- LDL cholesterol = Total cholest. - HDL cholest - Triglycerides/5
- largest of lipoproteins?
- chylomicrons
- if nonfasting specimen which lipids will be useful?
-
total cholesterol
HDL cholesterol
if cholest > 200 mg/dL or HDL < 40 mg/dL fasting specimen needed - cream layer on top of plasma after refrigeration
- high level trriglycerides or chylomicrons
- L/S ratio in amniotic fluid > 2.0 indicates...
- mature fetal lung
- most common method for serum proteins
- biuret method (cuprous ions react w/ peptide bonds at alkaline pH to produce colored complex)
- best method for CSF proteins
-
trichloracetic acid (precipitates urine in CSF or urine)
biuret method is not sensitive enough - if hemolysis the serum protein level will be....
- increased
- dyes for direct analysis of albumin
- bromcresol green or purple (BCG or BCP)
- normal A:G ratio
-
1 - 1.8
reversed in monoclonal gammopathies or when globulin increases - in the body what charge do most proteins carry
- at pH 7.4 proteins anre negatively charged (anions)
-
support media for electrophoresis that
separate proteins by molecular charge - cellulose acetate or agarose
-
support media for electrophoresis that
separate proteins by both charge and size - starhc and polyacrylamide gel