Hematology - USMLE2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Medications that cause anemia
-
methyldopa - RBC ab/hemolysis
choloroquine, sulfa drugs - G6PD
phenytoin- megaloblastic anemia
choloramphenicol - aplastic anemia - Bite Cells
- Hemolytic Anemia
- BAsophilic Stippling
- Lead poisioning
- Heinz Bodies
- G6PD deficinecy
- Howell-Jolly Bodies
- Asplenia/spenic dysfunction
- iron inclusions in RBC's of bone marrow
- sideroblastic anemia
- tear drop shaped RBC's
- myelofibrosis
- acanthocytes/spur cells
- abetalipoproteinimia
- echinocytes/burr cells
- uremia
- polychromasia
- reticulocytosis
- schistocytes, helmet cells, fragmented RBC's
- intravascular hemolysis
- Microcytic Anemia
-
Thalassemia/hemoglobinopathy
iron deficiency
sideroblastic anemia
Anemai of chronic dz
lead poisoining - Normocytic Anemia
-
acute blood loss, hemolytic, medications
cancer, ACD, aplastic anemia, renal failure - Macrocytic Anemia
-
folate def
b12 def
meds - methotrexate, phenytoin
cirrhosis/liver dz - Fe defiency
-
low Fe
low ferritin
elevated TIBC
low TIBC saturation - Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
- esophageal web producing ysphagia, iron deficiency anemia, and glossitis
- Signs of B- thalassemia
-
elevated hemoglobin A2 and F
target cells,nucleated RBC's, xrzys showing crew cut apperance, splenomegaly - Dx of thalassemia
-
hemoglobin electrophoresis
alpha thalessemai symptomatic at birth, beta sympotomatic at 6 mos
Fe levels are normal - Tx for thalassemia
- as needed transfusions and iron chelation therapy to prevent hemochromatosis
- Sideroblasttic anemia
-
disturbed mito metabolism--> adequate Fe but cannot incoprate into Hb; increased or nl Fe, ferritin and TIBC saturation; "ringed sideroblasts" in the bone marrow
May respond to pyridoxine - Anemia of Chronic Dz
-
low Fe, TIBC, elevated ferritin
seen in dz that cause chronic inflamm RA, lupus, cancer, TB - Medications that cause lupus
-
procainamide
hydralizine
isoniazid - Tx of sickle crisis
-
oxygen
IV fluids
analgesics - Dx of spherocytosis
-
positive osmotic fragility test
increased mean corpuscualr hemoglobin
(small rbc's w/ absent central pallor) - G6PD deficiency
- sudden hemolysis and anemai following fava bean or drug exposure (anti-malarials, salicylates, sulfa drugs) dx with RBC enzyme assay
- Fresh Frozen Plasma
- contains all clotting factorsused when cannot wait for vit K to take effect or vit K will not work (liver failure)
- cyroprecipitate
-
contains fibrinogen and factor 8
used in von Willebrand Dz and DC - DIC
-
elevated PT, PTT, BT, FDP, positive D-dimer
decreases in fibrin and clotting factors - Extrinsic pathway
-
warfarin/K
depends on factors 2, 7, 9,10 - Intrinsic Pathway
-
heparin/protamine
hemophilia A - decreased Factor 8
Hemophilia B - decreased Factor 9 - ITP
- watch for preceding URI, elevated BT, low platelet count
- TTP
- homolysis, CNS symptoms. elevated BT, low paltelet counts and RBC counts