BioMed 3
Terms
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- Hematology is the study of
- Blood and Blood Disorder
- Blood Disorders include (4)
-
anemia,
bleeding/thrombophilia
malignancy
infection - __________ is the best way to understand and characterize hematologic disorders
- Analysis of Lab Tests
- The two most common indices of hematology labs are:
- CBC and coagulation
- CBC provides the following info (5):
-
WBC
Hbg
Hct
Plt
MCV - WBC is a reflection of
- immune comptenence
- Hgb is a reflection of
- oxygen-carrying capacity
- Hct is a reflection of
- total red cell mass in the blood
- Platelet cound is a reflection of
- clotting capacity
- MCV is a reflection of:
- red cell mass
- Normal lab values for Hgb:
-
14-18 g/dl (male)
12-16 g/dl (female) - Normal lab values for Hct:
-
42-52% (male)
37-47% (female) - Normal lab values for WBC:
- 4.5-11,000
- Normal lab values for platelet:
- 150-400,000
- Normal lab values for MCV:
- 76-96
- One of the most common uses of the CBC is:
- to assess a pt oxygen carrying capacity by studing red cell indicies
- A decrease in red cell mass:
- anemia
- An increase in red cell mass:
- polycythemia
- __________ is defined as decreased red cell mass leading to decreased oxygen delivery
- anemia
- Clinical findings of anemia (4):
-
pallor
weakness
Fatigue upon easy exertion; sometimes with chest pain
Tachy and occasionally hypotension - Pt may tolerate very low ______ without symptoms
- Hct
- In general, pt with Hct of ____ are considered to have severe anemia and are ususally symptomatic
- <20%
- Anemia is classified into these three groups that are related to size of red cells:
-
Microcytic: MCV<75
Normocytic: MCV 76-96
Macrocytic: MCV>96 - Pt with decreased Hgb/Hct and MCV<76 have _________ anemia
- Microcytic
- There are three types of Microcytic anemia:
-
Iron deficiency
Anemia related to chronic illness
Anemial due to disorders of hemoglobin synthesis - Tx of iron deficiency anemia is done in two steps:
-
1) supplement to increase iron
2) find the caues of the iron deficiency - It is crucial to rule out _______ and _________ as the cause of iron deficient anemia
- tumor and chronic bleeding
- Almost any _______ ________ can be the cause of Microcytic anemia.
-
chronic disease
(ie autoimmune disease, chronic malignancies, infections like TB) - When pt have anemia of chronic disease, the patho is not well understood. In these pts, lab studies of iron stores may normal. These anemias usually resolve once the _______ _______ is treated.
- underlying disease
- Microcytic anemia of hemoglobin synthesis are caused by ______ or _______ disorders of hemoglobin synthesis.
- congenital or acquired
- Congenital hemoglobin synthesis error is from:
- alpha and beta thalassemia
- Acquired hemoglobin synthesis error is caused by:
- lead poisoning
- In congenital diseases (Micro anemia-Hgb synthsis error), there are _______ ________ which cause abnormal and poorly functioning hemoglobin molecules to be synthesized
- genetic mutations
- In acquired (Micro anemia-Hgb synthesis error), heavy metals like_______ can displace ______ from the heme molecule and lead to the formaion of poorly functioning Hgb molecules.
- lead, iron