Pediatrics Nursing test

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What is the leading cause of death in infants?: Birth Defects
Congenital Anomalies
What level of preventative care is a child wearing a helmet?: Secondary
How does Erikson describe school age children?: 6-12 years
initiave vs guilt
learn to carry out tasks
want to be good at things
How do children intrepret blood being taken from them?: Make a hole in them and their insides will come out.
Fine and gross motor skills for a 5 monthj old?: Can grasp large objects but not small ones
Roll from belly to back
What is a big danger with small children and foods?: Choking
How do you give ear drops to a small child?: Pull ear down and back
How do you give vitamin K?: IM
Rational for potty training at 2 years?: Their bodies are not ready until they are two.
What age and weight can a car seat be turned forward facing?: Age one year
20 pounds
At what age are testicular tumors more likely?: Adolescents
What accounts for 75% of all cases of spina bifida?: Myelomeningocele
What is myelomeningocele?: Back bone and spinal canal do not close before birth.
Symptom of hip dysplasia: Hips POP when ortiloni maneuver is preformed.
What usually occurs with hip dysplasia?: neural tube disorders.
Symptoms of hydrocephalous: Big head with rapid increase in diameter
Vomit
sleepy
irritability
seizures
downward deviation of eyes (sunsetting)
Symptoms of Rubella: Appear 2-3 weeks after infection
Slightly raised temperature
swollen glands
rash of pink spots that start on face
conjunctivitis
Symptoms of Roseola: Persistant high temperature
higher than 102 for 3-4 days in an otherwise well child
lowered fever with onset of rash
appears on trunk and spreads
Impetigo: Begins in broken skin
Usually with staph
red macules-vesicles
most common in nose and mouth
wash with topical ointment 3x day
How do you treat cellulitis?: oral or parenteral antibiotics
What causes ringworm?: Fungus
How to manage head lice?: clean environment
wash in HOT water
tx entire family with NIX or Kwell
Lyme Disease: caused by Deer Tick bite
Caused by spirochete
stage 1 rash stage 2 most serious, involves neuro
TX oral doxycycline, less than 8 is amoxicillin or penicillin
Papule: firm PALPABLE elevation of skin less than 1 cm
vesicle: elevated lesion less than 1 cm filled with fluid
anorexia nervosa: eating disorder characterised by low body weight and body image distortion
What causes a wart?: Virus usually HPV
S/S of scabies?: Intense puritis especially at night
Fine grayish threadlike lines
What causes 5th disease?: human parvovirus B 19
Side effects of wearing a cast?: muscle loss
atrophy
increased sensitivity
What do you do with evulsed tooth if you do not want to put it back into your mouth until you can see a dentist?: put in cold milk or cold water
Hepatitis vaccine: 1st injection
2nd one month later
3rd is 6 months from 1st
What injections will a 5 year old have?: DTaP
IPV
MMR
Most common form of childhood cancer?: Leukemia
How is leukemia diagnosed?: Bone marrow Aspiration
Biopsy
Lumbar Puncture
Wilm's Tumor: most common malignant tumor of kidneys
swelling or mass in abdomen
firm. nontender mass
increased abdominal girth
Symptoms of brain tumor?: HA with projectile vomiting
causes obstruction in CSF circulation
Causes increased ICP
What should you watch for in a child using diuretics?: Dehydration
clotting problems because of hypokalemia
S/S of necrosis: maybe no s/s of pain
loss of movement
stiffness
loss of ROM
avascular is arthritis
pyelonephrosis: disease of pelvic kidney
Why should you treat strep?: It could lead to Rhumatic fever if untreated.
Isotonic Dehydration: loss of water and electrolytes in equal proportions
How much fluid loss is there with mild dehydration?: Loss of less than 50ml/kg of fluid
What causes diarrhea most often in children?: Rotavirus
Complications of 3rd degree burns in children: Respiratory compromise
hypovolemic shock
local infections
sepsis
little or no pain because of nerve damage
What is the leading cause of death in adolescents?: Accidents
next is homocide
assess skin turgor?: check for tenting
color, dry, moist?
epiglottis: one of the biggest emergencies
Trachea swells shut needs trach or will die
Complications of bulemia: malnutrition
dehydration
electrolyte imbalance
tooth erosion
damage to voice
potential for gastric rupture
Stenosis: abnormal narrowing in blood vessel or other tubal organ
May be called stricture
Noise over turbulent flow, bruit
ultrasound or MRI to Diagnose
Intussusception: current jelly stools
How do you treat celiac disease?: Avoid Wheat.
First signs of puberty in females?: Breast Buds
First signs of puberty in males?: enlarged testicles
Hep B: 2 months
4 months
6-18 months
11-16 years
DTaP: 2 months
4 months
6 months
12-18 months
4-6 years
Hib: 2 months
4 months
6 months
12-15 months
Prevnar: 2 months
4 months
6 months
15 months
IPV: 6 months
9 months
18 months
4-6 years
MMR: 12-18 months
4-6 years
Varicella: 12-18 months
Communicability of 5th disease (Erythema Infectiosum) Incubation of transmission: Before onset of s/s- 1 week after rash
4-14 days
unknown blood/resp
communicibality of roseola incubation transmission: during high temp until after rash
5-15 days
unknown
Chicken pox incubation: 14-21 days
Rubella communicability incubation transmission: 7 days before and 5 days after rash appears
14-21 days
resp direct and indirect
prevent with MMR
measles: Koplik's spots (bluish spots in mouth and oral mucosa
Vitamin A decreases mortality and morbidity
communicability: Disease is transmittable to others
Incubation Period: time between invasion of organism and outbreak of infection
prodromal period: time between beginning and non specific s/s
illness stage: appearance of disease
convalescent: Time between time when s/s begin to disappear and complete return to wellness.

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