History Railroads
The history of railroads is really important! yay! i guess this is why we are learning about it!!!
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- How did railroad excutives eleiminate competition?
- rebates, pools, rate wars, slashing prices,
- What happened because of its loopholes?
- the pullman workers got sent back to work and then shouldn't have because the lawyer found a loophole. the strike should have been legal.
- Who was J. Pierpoint Morgan?
- banker who gained control of corporations, he would loan out money to anybody, he could use the banks' money to invest in the companies going under.-bought stock in troubled corporations: and then became on the board of directors and then ending up taking it over.
- What is horizontal consolidation?
- Horizontal consolidation is where you own every phase of the production.
- What were the differences between the factories before and after the Civil War?
- Before the Civil War the factories were small and family run, knew worker's names and so they could cats, and workers had necessary skills so they could bargain for wages. After the Civil War workers stood all day tending machines, loud, noisy, crowded conditions, no skills necessary so fixed wages.
- What were the arguments for and against trusts?
- see essay
- How was steel created?
- steel was created when iron got annoying because you had to replace it too often through the bessemer process which is just making iron and then heating it on a higher level, steel is used for alot of thing, such as nails, screws, needles, stell girders, and the support of skyscrapers.
- How did railroad building encourage the growth of the American economy?
- 1. Created thousands of jobs, new ways of managing business, opened the country to settlement and growth, immigration, new business formed where rail lines crossed.
- What were the small gains the Unions earned?
- Skilled AFL members won better working conditions and higher pay. more peopel joined the labor unions, overall wages rose slightly betwen 1870 and 1900.
- Name 3 inventions, who invented them, and why they were important.
- the lightbulb was invented by thomas edison and was important because it allowed people to be more safe without as much risk of fire, and not have to strain their eyes once the sun went down. the telegraph was alexandar grahman bell and it was important because
- Tell me about Pittsburgh
- pittsburgh was polluted beyond belief with the soot giving everyone black lung diease and tuberculoisis. pittsburgh boomed though because it even with the awful conditions they could find jobs.
- What is vertical consolidation?
- Vertical consolidation is where you own every single factories like you, whoever produces the same product as you is driven out of business.
- What were some of the dangerous working conditions?
- • lung-damaging dust, closed doors, closed windows. developed black lung dieases, eventually cause the person to diecave-ins and gas explosions, mine collapsing• spilling red-hot metal, scalded to death, employers more concerned with profit than safety.
- Why wasn't the Sherman Anti-Trust Act a good act?
- because it didn't define monopoly and trust
- What are the factors of production?
- Land-Labor-Capital. land-variety of natural resources. Labor-number or people you have or work force, and capital is money, buildings, machinery.
- What was the importance of Promontory Point, Utah?
- It was were the railroad lines met connecting the United states after 4 years of division through the Civl War. A golden spike was drive there.
- What factors led to the consturction of a network of railroads after the Civil War?
- short lines were connected, standarized gauges, standard time zones,
- What was the difference between the goals of the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor?
- knights of labor-no child labor, equal pay for men and women, shorter hours, good goals but not really realistic, afl, shorter hours, higher pay, improved working conditions.
- How did Andrew Carnegie amass his huge steel holdings?
- see # 20 and vertical consolidation.
- What benefits did bankers provide to the growing economy?
- -banks provided loans that allowed business to grow- allowed big factories produced more cheaply--capital was used to ; buy raw materials, pay workers, cover shipping and advertising costs. - when you are spending money, you are stimulating economy,
- How did John D. Rockefeller amass his huge oil holdings?
- see #20 and horizontal consolidation.
- What changed because of the factory fire?
- In New York and other states approve new safety laws to protect factory workers and fire safety.