science
Terms
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- convection
- transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid. Molecules can move through fluids and they take their heat with them.
- aurora borealis
- Nothern lights--->Radio waves boucne back from the ionosphere to the earth's surface creating this brilliant light.
- 2 layers in thermosphere
- ionosphere, exosphere
- sea breeze
- usually during the day wind from over the ocean blow onto land because it is cool air moving to take warmer air's place because it rises
- mercury barometer
- instrument that measures changes in air pressure using liquid mercury
- air pressure
- force of the atmosphere
- stratosphere
- 2nd layer, lower part is cold and warmer towards the top.
- altitude
- the distance below sea level
- wind chill
- the wind moving over your skin decreases your temperature
- local wind
- winds that blow over short distances
- thermosphere
- outermost layer,the air is very hot
- conduction
- the direct transfer of heat from one substance to another. (objects are touching). Works best with solids, but not as good with fluids.GASES ARE EXTREMELY POOR CONDUCTORS
- density
- the amount of mass in a unit volume of a substance
- Global Convenction Currents
- the movement of air between the equator and the poles produce global winds due to unequal heating of the earth
- why is it so hot in the thermosphere?
- it is because energy coming from the sun strikes the thermosphere first
- Radiation
- heat directly from the source(SUN,FIRE,ELECTRICHEATER.) by elctromagnetic waves. CANNOT BE SEEN.
- anemometer
- used to meaure wind speed
- Prevailing Westerlies
- blow from west to east toward the poles between 30 degrees and 60 degrees north and south latitude.
- Global Winds
- Winds over long distances
- what does the mesosphere protect?
- from most meteoroids. they burn up as they toward Earth through this layer of atmosphere.
- aneroid barometer
- instrument that measuers changes in air pressure without using liquid
- ozone
- absorbs engery from the sun and converts it to heat.
- ionosphere
- gas molecules here are electricly charged because of the sun's energy.
- barometer
- any instrument that measures changes in air presssure using liquid mercury
- what is so important that the stratosphere contains?
- UPPER STRATOSPHERE CONTAINS A LAYER OF OZONE.
- Doldrums
- near equator, very weak
- 4 layers
- troposhere,stratosphere,mesosphere,thermoshpere
- Coriolis Effect
- the earth rotates from west to east. The winds are move from north to south or south to north . Due to combined forces the wind travels in a curve
- trade winds
- blow towards the equator from 30 degrees north-south/ west. Strong winds used for moving sailing ships
- land breeze
- usually during the night wind from over the land blow onto the ocean because it is cool air moving to take a warmer air's place because it rises
- Wind
- horizontal movement of air caused by differences in pressure
- mesosphere
- above stratosphere, TOP OF MESOSPHERE IS THE COLDEST PART OF THE ATMOSPHERE.
- Polar easterlies
- cold air near the poles sinks toawrd lower latitudes. the C.E. shifts the wind from the east to thewest. They meet the westerlies about 60 degrees north and south and have major effect on the U.S. weather.
- exosphere
- outer layer of thermosphere.
- troposphere
- inner layer, as altitude increases temperature decreases.contains most of atmosphere's mass and all of earth's weather
- jet streams
- 10km high are high speed winds that blow west to east at 200-400km/hr
- Latitude
- distance from the equator measured in degrees
- # of layers in the atmosphere
- 4 layers