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- 2 general principles of amplification
- Amplification is the primary tool ; amplification is always incomplete and imperfect4 Purposes of amplification
- 4 Purposes of amplification
- to amplify speech to audible yet comforavle levels; help in sound localization; help in sound detection; in a child helps to develop spocken language
- 3 types of amplification systems
- personal hearing aids;assitive listening devices; cochlear implants
- 5 basic parts and concepts of a hearing aid
- microphone;amplifier; loudspeaker;power source; controls
- 4 new technology has changed
- digital processor; miniaturization; audiologist involved in distribibution; most are custome built
- 3 general posstive changes in amplicication
- customization has lead to greater awareness of individual differences; assesment procedures are more sophisticated; quality care better
- 5 challenges that we face
- envirometal problems background noise; no one correct path; competition; cosmetics;no universal goals
- 2 more challenges that we face
- no corelatuion of benifit to anything; underutilization
- 4 probems with assesment
- no correlation; communication difficultuies vary as a function of mnay variables;no single measure covers all aspects; measures are not individual-specific
- what 5 domains are assessed
- perception of speech communication difficulties;perception of reactions and behaviors of othes;perception of self emotional reactions;nonspeech problesm;related problems
- applications of cosi 5
- screener;case history; plan rehabilitation; mesure benifit; to someday determine compensation
- 4 ideal outcomes of use of self report
- workable list of that person's problems;categorizationof person or at least HA canidacy; obtain baseline data; tje process itself may reduce denial
- what are the four main decissions a prospective PHA user has to make
- style pf hearing aid (cosmetics); technology (cost) features and options; one or two (mono-bi)
- what are the two types of hearing aids
- the first type has two parts the coupler and the hearing aid, the second has one part the coupler is built into the hearing aid
- what are some examplies of the two part hearing aid
- body aid, behind the ear (bte) and the eye glasses
- what are some examplies of the one part hearing aid
- Ite, ITC, CIC
- Define detection
- being aware of sound
- define discrimination
- the ability to distinguish among the individual speech stimuli
- define identification
- the abilty to identify and or label what is heard
- define attention
- the ability for someone to focus or attend what the spoeacker is trying to convey
- define memory
- the ability to retain or store verval information
- Define closure
- the percievced elements must be brought together in a meaningful whole
- define comprehension
- full perception and understanding of the auditory message
- what are the three most commonly encounterd auditory situations
- relatively intense background noise;the presence of a competing speech signal; and listening on the telephone
- what is speech reading
- visual perseption of communication
- what are the 4 general areas that fall into the speech reading process
- the speaker. the signla code, the enviroment , and the speechreader
- what is a viseme
- this is a group of phonemes in which each look alike whe spoken
- what are the four groups that you can classify consonant into
- bilabials, rounded labials, labiodentals. nonlabials
- List the five steps in the selection and fitting of a hearing aid hearing aid
- 1. select the candidate 2. pre-selection measurement 3. hearing aid selection 4. verification. 5. post fitting counseling
- describe in the hearing aid candidacy several factors that imly
- medical, audiologic, and personal
- what are some factors that relate to the "potential for benifit" to a person who is thinking of getting a hearing aid
- benefit relatied DIRECLY to problems / no standerdized definition or measure/ typical correlates ( amount of use) (retained after trial)
- what is the minimum criteria needed for hearing aid canidacy
- measurable heairng loss . absence of medical contrications/ potential benifit /can aquare the aid
- name the ideal canidate
- working type person / tangible problems/ mild to moderate hearing loss (30-65 hl) / good speech discrimination/ motivated
- describe a bad candidate for a hearing aid
- heairng loss has difficult configureations/ poor sppech discrimination/ vague problem areas/ poor attitude/ unteachable / no reason for getting one
- what is step 2 of the hearing aid assesment prosess and what are they
- pre-selection measurements / speech understanding/ loudness jugemtns
- what is step three of the hearing aid assesment prossess
-
the four questions
style technology options and how many - what is step four of the hearing aid assesment
- verification of performance / quality control/ physical fit/ preformance
- what is step five of the hearing aid assesment
- post fitting follow up/ cousling / hearing aid use and adjustment/ instructions
- what are the key components of the hearing aid
- battery/ microphone/ amplifier/ reciever/ volume control
- why are so many people "unaplified"
-
1. Perception that their was minimal;
2. Consumer issues (cost, priority)
3. Professional’s opinion (negative, recommend)
4. Perceived product value
5. Perceived product features
6. STIGMA STIGMA STIGMA - list problems associated with hearing aid use and the solutions
-
instrument has no sound/ or is weak
instrument whistles/ sound is distorted/ buzzing sound/ swelling - cause of instrument has no sound
- battery polarity reversed/ low or dead battery/ clogged wax guard/ volume turned down
- causes of instrument whistles
- improper seating in ear/volume control too high/excessive wax in ears
- causes of instrument Sound is distorted or intermittent
- low battery battery compartment is not completely closed , hearing aid could not be fitted properly
- causes of instrument swelling or discharge in ear
- solution: check with your physician
- describe "signal to noise ratio" what contributes to it and why is this importortant
-
is a measure of signal strength relative to background noise. The ratio is usually measured in decibels (dB).
if the background noise is to loud you won't be able to hear the person speaking and vise vera - Why do hearing aids have poor signal to noise ratio
- because the microphone in a hearing aid is not able to know what sound you want to listen to more closely
- How can poor signal to noise ratio be improved
- Directional Microphones and FM systems/Directional Microphones and FM systems/
- what are some alternative amplification systems
- cochlear implant/ assistive listening device/ personal hearing aids/group and personal amplification devices
- what are some advantages and limitations of the infrared system
- advantages: wireless transmission/high-quality signal/ uses various types of receivers/ can be used simultaneously in-adjacent rooms/ Limitations: limited portability/ erson confined to a certain area for listening/ receiver must be in direct line with transmitter for maximum sound quality/ cannot be used outside because i is subject, which degrades sound quality/
- what are some advantages and disadvantages of a fm system
- advantages: wireless transmission/ high quality signal/most flexible system/ use various types of receivers/ indoor and outdoor use possible/ Electroagnetic interference not a problem/ radio interference possible
- what are some advantages and disadvantages of a cochlear implant
- permanent/ degrades any chances of having your own hearing. a major surgery/ and major rehabilitation needed
- What are three anticipatory strategies for a person with hearing loss
- minimizing the distance between from the speaker/ optimizing the hearing aid volume setting/ reduce competing signals/ use situational cues
- what are some repair strategies for people with hearing loss
- ask speaker to repeat part or all of message/ ask speaker to rephrase or simplify the message/ ask about follow up messages
- describe clear speech and the principles
- c-control your communication situations/l- looking at and or lip reading/ e-expectations need to be realistic/ a-assertiveness can help others understand/ r-repair strategies
- Describe Hio-basics and be able to describe several of the activities generally performed
- H- hearing expectations/ I- instrument operation/ o-occlusion effect/ b- batteries/ a- acoustic feedback/ s- system troubleshooting/ i- insertion and removal/ c-cleaning and maintenance/s- service
- What is watch and what is the goal of watch
- Watch is an acronym for a auditory rehabilitation. lip-reading, conversation-repair strategies, admission of hearing loss/ situation control/ and consumer awareness/
- what are the stages in watch
- W- watch the persons mouth/ A-ask specific questions/t-talk about hearing loss/c-change the situation/H-heathcare knowledge
- summarize the great expectations article
- the article is an outline of what services and information the new hearing aid users should expect from their audiologists
- What does the GE article state should happen on the first visit?
- are you a good candidate? was your hearing loss explained to you? what are some general amplification goals and how are they related to your audiogram
- What does the GE article state should happen during or after the hearing aid selection process
- was the basis for recommending 1 or 2 hearing aids explained/ do the hearing aids fit comfortably/can you insert the hearing aids your self
- what does the GE article state happen during the follow up information cover
- does the hearing aid loudness feel comfortable/ does the ear-mold fit properly/ telephone usage ok? /
- what could be the cause of feedback in a hearing aid (whistling)
- not fitted correctly, ears are clogged, NOT put in the ear in the correct matter,
- How does a conversation work?
- one must consider partners needs and feelings/ assume the reasonable people who can" deal decently" one another
- how to make conversations work better
- use appropriate speaking behavior./ speak clealy/ make sure there face is visible/ present orgaininzed messeges/ monitor how your partner is doing
- what does fcp stand for
- Frequent communication partner
- Some repair strategies are? rsrke
- repeat: say the message again/ Simplify: use fewer words/ Rephrase it/ keyword/elaborate
- What are some principles of "clear speech" (r i i f)
- a decreased rate of speech/ increased duration of phonemes/ increased duration between words/ fuller-formed phonemes.
- what are some Maladaptive strategies
- dominating the conversation/ ignoring the partner/ bluffing/ withdrawing from the conversation
- What are some facilitation strategies for communication
- speech recognition skills/ attending strategies/ anticipatory strategies / preparation practice / turn off background noise/ tell the partner how they can help
- what are some repair strategies? (rrSSkEC)
- ask for repetition/ ask for rephrasing/ ask for spelling/ ask for simplification/ ask for topic or keyword/ask for elaboration/ ask for clarification / best guess
- what is the most commonly but not a good repair strategy
- asking the person to repeat