Science - Calvert 6th Grade, Unit 2 (Lesson 30 - 4th Review)
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- (32) The scientific name for the bobcat is Lynx rufus and for the lynx is Lynx canadensis. How do their names indicate that they are related? How are they different?
- The scientific names show that both animals belong to the same genus, Lynx. They are different because they are different species.
- (32) biodiversity
- the wide variety of life on Earth
- (31) How is meiosis different from mitosis?
- Meiosis results in four nuclei, each with half the number of chromosomes as the original; while mitosis results in two nuclei, each with the same number of chromosomes as the original.
- (31) During mitosis, what happens during metaphase?
- Chromosome pairs line up along the middle of the cell.
- (31) How does the nucleus change while a cell divides?
- Answers vary. Possible answer: In mitosis, chromosomes duplicate, the membrane disappears, chromosomes line up in center and separate into two nuclei.
- (31) Which do you think will show diffusion: oil and water, warm water and cold water, ink and oil, ink and water? How would you test your answers?
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warm and cold water, ink and water
Put drops of one into a cup of the other. - (31) What are some of the main parts of a healthy lifestyle? How can a healthy lifestyle affect the growth and division of cells in your body?
- Answers vary. A healthy lifestyle can help prevent damage to cells.
- (31) What is food making in plants called?
- photosynthesis
- (31) What is a bacterium?
- a one-celled organism
- (32) kingdom
- one of the largest groups used to classify living things
- (31) Why do cells divide?
- Cells divide because as the ratio of volume to surface area increases and the cell cannot work effectively.
- (32) phylum
- a main group within a kingdom, whose members share a main characteristic
- (31) What is the division of a nucleus when the chromosome number ends up unchanged?
- mitosis
- (31) Describe the populations that much up an environment--such as in a park or a desert. Describe how the populations interact.
- Answers vary. Possible answers for the park environment: humans, pigeons, sparrows, squirrels, oak trees, elm trees, shrubs. Animals nest in trees; humans feed animals; squirrels feed on acorns from the trees.
- (31) What is a green body found in a plant cell?
- chloroplast
- (31) What types of activities increase a person's risk of cancer?
- Activities that increase a person's risk of cancer include exposure to cigarette smoke and ultraviolet radiation.
- (31) What limits the size of cells?
- The size of cells is limited by the ratio of volume to surface area.
- (32) Which level of classification has the most diverse members?
- kingdom
- (31) During mitosis, what happens during telophase?
- During telophase, a nuclear membrane forms around each set of choromosomes. Each new nucleus has the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.
- (31) What are the phases of mitosis?
- interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and then each new cell is in the growth stage of the cell cycle
- (32) Which level of classification has the most similar members?
- species
- (31) List in order words showing organization in an animal or plant.
- cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
- (31) How are respiration and photosynthesis related?
- Photosynthesis is the process that traps the Sun's energy in food. Respiration is a process that releases energy from food.
- (31) How do mitosis and meiosis differ?
- Mitosis produces cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Meiosis produces egg and sperm cells with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.
- (31) During mitosis, what happens during prophase?
- Chromosomes become visible, and the membrane around the nucleus begins to disappear.
- (31) An egg and a sperm join during ____ .
- fertilization
- (31) List in order words showing organization in an ecosystem.
- population, community, ecosystem
- (32) What organisms belong to the family Canidae?
- carnivores with course fur, long limbs, claws that to do not retract, and rounded pupils
- (39) How can food spoilage due to bacteria be slowed down?
- canning, pasteurization, refrigeration, or dehydration
- (32) What organisms belong to the species called Canis familiaris?
- dogs
- (36) Why are viruses not included in the six kingdoms of life?
- Viruses are not cells and do not carry out life processes.
- (4th Review) How are a kingdom and a phylum related?
- A phylum is a main group within a kingdom.
- (34) Name the six kingdoms.
- animals, plants, fungus, protist, archaebacteria, eubacteria
- (36) microbe
- a living thing so small that it can be seen only with a microscope
- (34) What common traits are shared by anthropods?
- outer body case and segmented legs
- (36) virus
- a microscopic particle made of hereditary material and a protein coat, which can reproduce inside a living cell
- (34) How are plants grouped? How does this differ from animals?
- Plants are grouped by division. Animals are grouped by phylum.
- (34) What classifies an organism as a plant?
- Answers vary, but may include that plants have many cells, cell walls, a true nucleus, and roots; and the cells have chlorophyll.
- (34) How do mosses differ from seed plants?
- Mosses are seedless and have spores.
- (37) spore
- A spore is a cell that can develop into an adult organism without fertilization.
- (4th Review) What two kingdoms contain bacteria?
- Eubacteria (or "true bacteria") and Archaebacteria (or "ancient bacteria")
- (34) How are cone-bearing plants similar to flowering plants?
- Cone-bearing plants are similar to flowering plants because they both reproduce with seeds.
- (34) Which divisions of the plant kingdom are the most similar? Why?
- Flowering plants and cone-bearing plants are most similar, because they both have seeds.
- (37) metamorphosis
- Metamorphosis is the changes of body form that some animals go through in their life cycle.
- (34) Which divisions of the plant kingdom are the most different? Why?
- Ferns and mosses are the most different, because mosses do not have special tissue for transporting water.
- (37) fission
- Fission is a kind of asexual reproduction in which one parent cells divides into two offspring cells.
- (4th Review) What are the two types of asexual reproduction?
- fission, budding
- (4th Review) What kingdom includes mosses?
- plant
- (31) Which parts of a plant cell are not found in an animal cell?
- cell wall, chloroplasts
- (36) How are fungi different from plants? How are they similar?
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Fungi are different from plants because they are single-celled; they have no chlorophyll; and they cannot make, absorb, or digest food.
Fungi are similar to plants to plants because fungi cells have walls like plant cells, and they have a true nucleus as do plant cells. - (39) What kind of production takes place in yeast?
- asexual
- (34) What are the main characteristics of animals?
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*many-celled organism
*cells have true nucleus; no cell wall
*eat and digest other organisms
*most can move from place to place
*have tissues organized into organs and organ systems - (34) What are the main characteristics of plants?
-
*many-celled organism
*many cells have chlorophyll--in light, they make their food (and produce oxygen)
*cells have walls; have true nucleus
*roots or rootlike structures anchor the plant and absorb water - (39) Is fission an example of sexual or asexual reproduction?
- asexual
- (36) What are the characteristics of fungi?
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*mostly many-celled organisms; some one-celled organisms
*do not have chlorophyll; cannot make their own food
*absorb and digest food
*cells have walls,; have true nucleus - (37) budding
- Budding is a kind of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from a bump (bud) on the side of the parent.
- (36) What are the characteristics of protists?
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*one-celled and many-celled organisms
*all cells contain a true nucleus
*plant-like protists, which have chlorophyll and make food
*animal-like protists, which take in food from surroundings - (36) What the main characteristics of bacteria?
-
*one-celled organisms
*do not contain a true nucleus
*have cell walls
*have mitochondria, but not many other cell parts
*most do not make food, but break down or decompose other living or once-living things
*some bacteria (cyanobacteria) contain chlorophyll and another pigment, and make their own food - (32) What organisms belong to the genus Canis?
- dogs, wolves, coyotes, jackals
- (36) What are the main characteristics that are used to classify animals?
- Animals are classified by structure and complexity of organs and organ systems.
- (36) How are members of the plant and fungus kingdoms alike? How are they different?
- Both plants and fungi have cells with cell walls and true nuclei.
- (39) Is budding an example of sexual or asexual reproduction?
- asexual
- (4th Review) Why do all living things need food? What are some other basic needs?
- Food contains store energy, which originally is from sunlight, and raw material for growth. Some other basic needs are oxygen and respiration, and right temperatures.
- (31) During mitosis, what happens during anaphase?
- Chromosome pairs split apart and begin to move towards opposite sides of the cell.
- (32) scientific name
- a two-word term for a living thing, based on its classification
- (32) Euglena is a one-celled organism that moves on its own and has chloroplasts. Why would it have been difficult to classify in Aristotle's time?
- It has both plant and animal traits.
- (36) How do the two bacteria kingdoms differ from other kingdoms?
- Bacteria include all cells without a true nucleus or most cell structures.
- (37) conjugation
- Conjugation is a kind of sexual reproduction in which two parent cells join and exchange material before they divide.
- (39) Is conjugation an example of sexual or asexual reproduction?
- sexual
- (31) Is mitosis occurring inside you right now? Explain your answer.
- Answers vary, but should reflect the understanding that some cells are always growing.
- (32) species
- a group of familar organisms in a genus that can reproduce more of their own kind
- (31) What changes in chromosome number take place during sexual reproduction?
- When a sperm and egg join, the resulting cell has the same number of chromosomes as the cells in the parent organisms.
- (4th Review) What are the six main activities of living things? Which is the most important?
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nutrition, respiration, excretion, response and movement, growth, reproduction
Possible answer for most important: The most important is nutrition for intake of energy. - (4th Review) Describe each state of complete metamorphosis.
- An egg is laid by the adult female parent; larva hatches from egg and feed; larva enters pupa stage by covering itself with a case, within which it develops into an adult, which has a different body structure from the pupa.