Psychology Midterm 2
Terms
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- American psychologist who established the 1st psychology research laboratory in the U.S. and found the APA
- G. Stanley Hall
- looking inward in an attempt to reconstruct feelings and sensation experianced immediately after viewing a stimulus object
- introspection
- the school of psychology and theoretical viewpoint that emphasizes each persons unique potential for psychological growth and self direction
- humanistic psychology
- American psychologist who founded behaviorism
- John B. Watson
- emphasizes studying the purpose or function of behavior and mental experiacne
- funtionalim
- scientific study of behavior and mental processes
- psychology
- the idea that the mind and body are seperate entities
- interactive dualism
- a German psychologists who founded psychology as a formal science and opened the 1st laboratory
- Wilhelm Wundt
- British-born American psychologist who founded structualism
- Edward B. Titchener
- emphasizes the study of observable behavior
- behaviorilism
- American psychologist who was largely responsible for finding humanistic psychology
- Carl Rogers
- anything perceptible to the senses such as sight, sound, smell, touch, or taste
- stimulus
- the acquisition and modification of behavior in response to environmental influences
- learning
- FOCUSES ON THE REALTIONSHIP BETWEEN BEHAVIOR AND THE BODY'S PHYSICAL SYSTEMS
- BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
- investigates mental processes, including reasoning and thinking, problem solving, memory, perception, metal imagery, and language
- cognitive psychology
- research focused onn such basic topics as sensory processes, principles of learning, emotion and motication
- experimental psychology
- studies the physical, social and psychological changes that occur at different ages and stages of the lifespan
- developmental psychology
- explores how people are affected by their social environments
- sociaal psychology
- examines different individual differences and characteristics that make each person unique
- personality psychology
- focuses on the role of psychologogical factors in the development, prevention, and treatment of illness
- health psychology
- studies how people of all ages learn
- educational psychology
- concerned with the relationship between people and work
- industrial psychology
- studies the causes, treatment, and prevention of different types of psychological disorder
- clinical psychology
- a statistical technique that involves combining and analyzing the results of many research studies on a specific topic in order to identify overall trends
- metaanalysis
- to repeat or duplicate a scientific study in order to increase confidence in the validity of the original findings
- replicate
- a set of assumtions, attitudes, and procedures that guide researchers
- scientific method
- a tentative statement about the relationship between 2 or more variables
- hypothesis
- the precise description of how the variables in a study will be manipulated or measured
- operational definition
- used to demonstrate cause and effect relationships by manipulating a factor to change the second factor
- experimental method
- a mathmatical method used to summarize data and draw conclusions based on data
- statistics
- multiple short fibers that extend from the neurons cell body and recieve information from other neurons or from sensory receptor cells
- dendrites
- processes nutrients and provides energy for the neuron to function; contains the cells nucleus
- cell body
- the long, fluid-filled tube that carries a neurons messages to other body areas
- axon
- a white, fatty covering wrapped around the axons of some neurons that increases their communication speed
- myelin sheath
- the tiny space between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of an adjoing neuron
- synaptic gap
- chemical messengers manufactured by the neuron
- neurotransmitters
- a highly specialized cell that communicates information in electrical and chemical form
- neuron
- a neurotransmitter that usually communicates an inhiboitory message
- GABA
- neurotransmitters that regulate pain perception
- endorphins
- small gaps that seperate segmenta of the myelin sheath that surrounds the axons of many neurons
- nodes
- a nerotransmitter that is involved in sleepiness and emotional status including depression
- serotonin
- the part of a neuron that contains the nucleus
- cell body
- involves the degeneration of patches of the myelin sheath
- multiple scleriosis disease
- a chemical messenger manufactured in the synaptic vescicles of a neuron
- neurotransmitter
- a neural condition in which the axons interior is more negativily charged
- polarized
- the brain structure that regulates the release of hormone by pituitary glands
- hypothalumus
- stimulates skeletical growth during childhood
- growth hormone
- system that indicate all the nerves lying outside the central nervous system
- periperal nerves
- this help us hear, taste, smell, feel, and see by using
- sensory receptors
- the process by which a form of physical energy is converted into a coded neural signal that can be processed by the nervouse
- transduction
- states that the size of the just noticeable difference will vary depending on the relation to the strength of the original stimulus
- Weber's law
- sensory receptor cells become less responsive to a constant stimulus
- sensory adaption
- biological rhytms are biological and psychological processes that sysnatically vary over a 24-hour period
- circidian rhythms
- a cluster of neurons in the hypothalumus that governs the timing of cirdian rhtyms
- superciastnatic nucleus
- a hormone manufactures by the pineal glands which produces sleepiness
- melatonin
- created by the absence of environmental time cures like sunlight and docks
- free running conditions