Medical Terminology Ch. 8
Terms
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- oro, stomato
- mouth
- pharyngo
- throat
- esophago
- esophagus
- gastro
- stomach
- entero
- small intestine
- colo/colono
- large intestine
- ano/procto/recto
- rectum/anus
- hepato
- liver
- cholecysto
- gallbladder
- pancreato
- pancreas
- ceco
- cecum
- chole
- cholecystectomy
- -lithiasis
- slipping
- -pepsia
- digestion
- sigmoido
- sigmoid colon
- amebic dysentary
- frequent watery stools often w/ blood and mucus caused by the parasite entamoeba histolytica
- anastomosis
- a surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures
- anorexia nervosa
- an eating disorder characterized by a false perception of body appearance that leads to a refusal to maintain a normal body weight
- anoscopy
- the visual examination of the anal canal and lower rectum using a short speculum called an anoscope
- aphthous ulcers
- grey-white pits with a red border in teh soft tissues lining the mouth; also known as canker sores or mouth ulcers
- ascites
- an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
- bilirubin
- a pigment produced from the destruction of hemoglobin is released by the liver in bile excess in blood is associated w/ jaundice
- bolus
- mass of food that has been chewed and is ready to swallow
- borborygmus
- rumbling noise caused by movement of gas in intestine
- botulism
- food poisoning characterized by paralysis and often death caused by bacterium clostridium botulinum
- bruxism
- involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth that usually occurs during sleep
- bulimia nervosa
- an eating disorder characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting
- cholecystalgia
- pain in the gall bladder
- cholecystectomy
- surgical removal of gallbladder
- cholecystitis
- inflammation of gallbladder
- choledocholithotomy
- an incision in the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones
- cholelithiasis
- the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts
- cholera
- sever diarrhea vomiting and dehydration caused by the bacterium vibrio cholerae
- cirrhosis
- a progressive degenerative desease of the liver in which scar tissue replaces normal tissue
- colonoscopy
- cdirect visual examination of the inner surface of the colon from the rectum the the cecum
- colostomy
- the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface
- dental prophylaxis
- professional cleaning of the teeth to remove plaque and tartar
- diverticulitis
- inflammation of one or more diverticula in the wall of the colon
- diverticulosis
- the presence of a number of diverticula in the wall of the colon
- dyspepsia
- pain or discomfort in digestion aka indigestion
- dsyphagia
- difficulty in swallowing
- emesis
- to expel the contents of the stomach through the esophagus and out the mouth aka vomiting
- emetic
- medication that is administered to produce vomiting
- enteritis
- inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated w/ viral or bacterial pathogens
- eructation
- belching
- esophageal reflux
- the upward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus aka gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD
- esophageal varices
- englarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus
- esophagogastroduodenoscopy
- the endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach and upper duodenum
- gastroduodenostomy
- the removal of the pylorus of the stomach and the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum
- gastroenteritis
- inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the stomach and intestines
- gingivitis
- inflammation of the gums; earliest stage of peridontal disease
- hematemesis
- vomiting blood
- hemoccult
- a lab test for hidden blood in the stools aka fecal occult blood test
- hemorrhoidectomy
- surgical removal of hemorrhoids
- hepatitis
- inflammation of the liver
- herpes labialis
- blister like sores on the lips and adjacent tissue caused by oral herpes simplex virus type 1 aka cold sores fever blisters
- hiatal hernia
- the protrusion of part of the stomach thru the esophageal sphincter in the diaphragm
- hyperemesis
- extreme persistent vomiting that may lead to dehydration
- ileitis
- inflammation of the ileum
- ileus
- partial or complete blockage of the small and or large intesting not caused by obstruction but by cessation of intestinal peristalsis
- intussusception
- the telescoping of one part of the small intesting into the opening of an immediately adjacent part
- jaundice
- a yellow discoloration of skin and eyes caused by more than normal amts of bilirubin in blood aka icterus
- maxillofacial surgery
- specialized surgery of hte face and jaws to correct deformities, treat disease, repair injuries
- melena
- the passage of stools w/ a black and tarlike appearance that is caused by the presence of digested blood
- morbid obesity
- the condition of weighing two or three times or more the ideal weight
- nasogastric intubation
- the placement of a tube thru the nose and into the stomach
- peristalsis
- the muscle movement of food thru digestive tract
- proctoplasty
- surgical repair of rectum
- pyrosis
- the burning sensation caused by the return of acidic stomach contents in to the esophagus aka heartburn
- regurgitation
- return of swallowed food into mouth
- salmonella
- severe darrhea nausea and vomiting accomanied by a high fever that are casued by bacteria salmonella
- sigmoidoscopy
- the edndoscopic exam of the interior of the rectum sigmoid colon and possibly portion of descending colon
- ulcerative colitis
- a chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation
- volvulus
- twisting of the intestine on itself causing obstruction
- xerostomia
- the lack of adequate saliva due to the absence of or diminished secretions by the salivary glands aka dry mouth
- BMI
- body mass index
- EGD
- esophagogastroduodenoscopy
- FPBT
- fecal occult blood test
- GB
- gall bladder
- GERD
- gasteroesophageal reflux disease
- HH
- hiatal hernia
- IBS
- irritable bowel syndrome
- O&P
- ova and parasites
- HSV-1
- oral herpes simplex virus type 1
- TMD
- temporomandibular disorders