Apollo study guide ch. 6
Terms
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- Hematologist
- specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and sdisorders of the blood and blood forming tissues
- Immunologist
- specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the immune system
- Allergist
- specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions of altered immunologic reactivity, such as allergic reactions
- Oncologist
- specializes in diagnosing and treating malignant disorders such as tumors and cancer
- Lymph
- - is the remaining intercellular fluid that has not been reabsorbed. It removes cellular waste products, pathogens, and dead blood cells form the tissues.
- lymph node
-
small bean-shaped structures located in lymph vessels
tonsils- are masses of lymphatic tissue that form a protective ring around the nose and upper throat.
- vermiform appendix
- protect against the entry of invaders through the digestive system.
- Spleen
- is a saclike mass of lymphatic tissue that hangs from the lower portion of the cecum of the large intestine.
- What do the tonsils do?
- They form a protective ring around the entrance to the respiratory system.
- thymus-
- is located superior to the heart and is composed largely of lymphatic tissue.
- Lymphadenitis
- also known as swollen glands, is an inflammation of the lymph nodes.
- Lymphadenopathy
-
is any disease process usually involving enlargement of the lymph nodes.
- Lymphangioma
-
is a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system, is a benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels.
- Splenomegaly
- is an abnormal enlargement of the spleen
- Splenorrhagia-
- is bleeding form the spleen.
- Lymphangiography
- - is the radiographic examination of the lymphatice vessels after the injection of a contrast medium.
- Lymphadema
- -is swelling due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph within the tissues.
- Pathogens
- - are disease-producing microorganisms.
- Allergens
- - are substances that produce an allergic reaction.
- Toxins
- poisons
- Antigen
- - is any substance that the body regards as being foreign.
- Antibody
- - is a disease fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen.
- Lymphocytes
- - are white blood cells that specialize to act as antibodies so they con attack specific antigens.
- Phagocyte
- - is alarge white blood cell that can eat and destroy substances such as cell debris, dust, pollen, and pathogens.
- Phagocytosis
- - process by which phagocytes eat and destroy substances.
- Allergy
- - also known as hypersensitivity, is an overreaction by the bldy to a particular antigen.
- Allergen
- - is an antigen that is capable of causing an allergic response.
- systemic reaction
- - (also known as Anaphylaxis), is a severe response to a foreign substance, such as a drug, food, insect venom, or chemical.
- Antihistamines
- - are medications that are administered to block and control allergic reactions.
- human immunodeficiency virus- HIV
- - is a bloodborne pathogen that progressively damages or kills cells of the immune system.
- acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- - (AIDS) is the advanced stage of an HIV infection.
- Pathogen
- - is a microorganism that causes a disease.
- Microorganism
- - is a living organism that is so small it can be seen only with the aid of a microsope.
- Viruses
- - are very small infectious agents that live only by invading cells.
- Measles
- - is an acute, highly contagious infection caused by the rubeola virus and transmitted by respiratory droplets.
- Mumps
- - is an acute viral disease characterized by the swelling of the parotid glands.
- Rubella
- - also known as German measles- is a viral infection characterized by fever and a diffuse, fine, red rash.
- Varicella
- - also known as chicken pox- is caused by the herpes virus Varicellazoster and is highly contagious.
- Antibiotics
- - are chemical substances capable of inhibiting growth or killing pathogenic microorganisms.
- Bactericide
- - is a substance that causes the death of bacteria.
- Bacteriostatic
- - is an agent that slows or stops the growth of bacteria.
- Oncology
- - is the study of the prevention, causes, and treatment of tumors and cancer.
- Neoplasm
- - also known as a tumor, is a new and abnormal tissue formation in which the multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, abnormally rapid, and progressive.
- Benign
- - tumor is not life-threatening and does not recur.
- Malignant
- - means harmful, tending to spread, becoming progressively worse, and life-threatening.
- Metastasize
- - is the verb that describes the process by which cancer spreads form one place to another.
- Metastasis
- - is the nun that describes the new cancer site that results form the spreading process.
- Staging
- - is the process of classifying tumors with respect ot how foar the disease has progressed, the potential for its responding to therapy, and the patient’s prognosis.
- Carcinoma
- - is a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue.
- Adenocarcinoma
- - is any one or a large group of carcinomas derived form glandular tissue.
- Sarcoma
- - is a malignant tumor that arises from connective tissue.
- Lymphoma
- - is a general term applied to malignancies that develop in the lymphatic system.
- Biopsy
- - is the removal of a small piece of living tissue for ecamination to confirm or establish a diagnosis.
- radiation therapy
- - is the treatment of cancers through the use of x-rays.
- CA
- Carcinoma
- TB
- Tuberculosis