Chapter 4 - Animal Health
Terms
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- The reaction of an animal to a certain stimuli; manner in which animal reacts to its enviornment
- Behavior
- A disturbance in the functions or structure of an animal
- Disease
- An animal that thrives to maintain a constant body temperature
- Endotherm
- An animal that adjusts its boy temperature to that of its environment
- Ectotherm
- A disease that is spread by direct or indirect contact with animals
- Contagious disease
- A tiny disease-particle too small to be seen with an ordinary microscope
- Virus
- One-celled organisms that are sometimes called germs
- Bacteria
- Unicellular organisms that generally cause disease on the outside of the body
- Fungi
- Unicellular organisms that are the simplest form of animal life and may cause diseases
- Protozoa
- Multicellular organism that lives in or on another animal
- Parasite
- A parasite that lives in the host's digestive system, muscles, or other tissues
- Internal parasite
- A parasite that lives on the external parts of an animal; feeds by biting or sucking the blood and tissue of the animal and may transfer contagious diseases
- External parasite
- A disease that is not spread through casual contact but caused by a nutritional, physiological, or morphological problem
- Noncontagious disease
- A parasitic disease caused by a protozoa that attacks red blood corpulses
- Anaplasmosis
- An acute infectious disease that affects most endothermic animals; mostly affects cattle on pasture during the summer
- Anthrax
- A disease of the reproductive system tract that affects cattle, sheep, goats, and hogs
- Brucellosis (Bang's)
- An acute, highly infectious disease that usually results in death; animal loses appetite and dies
- Blackleg
- A highly contagious mild disease that affects hogs
- Hog cholera
- A parasitic infectious disease affecting chickens, ducks, geese, and game birds
- Coccidiosis
- A virus transmitted by insects that bite horses, mules, and wild rodents; makies animals appear sleepy and die
- Sleeping sickness
- A serious neurological disease that affects cattle and are transmissable to humans, sheep, and goats (BSE)
- Mad cow disease
- Internal parasites caused by heel flies in cattle; will cause bumps and create larva in bumps
- Grubs
- A bacterial disease that affects cattle, dogs, sheep, and most other farm and companion animals
- Leptospirosis
- External parasites that suck their hosts blood and attack cattle, hogs, and other species
- Lice
- A bacterial disease that causes an inflammation in the udder that interferes with milk production; affects female cattle, sheep, goats, and swine
- Mastitis
- A disease that is caused by a virus and occurs in all endothermic animals; affects behavior
- Rabies
- An environmental disease that is caysed when animals are hauled or sold; affects cattle and sheep
- Shipping fever
- A substance that destroys the causes of disease
- Disinfectant
- Keeping areas where animals are raised and fed clean
- Sanitation
- To separate disease and nondiseased animals
- Isolation
- Preparing an animal for stress
- Preconditioning
- The resistance of animal in terms of diseases
- Immunity
- Immune substances produced in the body to resist diseases
- Antibodies
- A substance found in milk shortly after giving birth
- Colostrum
- A substance that is used to prevent and control disease
- Medication
- A medicine primarily used to prevent disease
- Biological
- A medicine used to treat a diagnosed animal
- Pharmaceutical
- A substance produced by one organism that will inhibit or kill another organism; treats diseases caused by microbes
- Antibiotics
- A small pellet that is placed underneath the skin (medication)
- Implant
- Medication that is placed on the skin or surface of an animal
- Topical medication
- Medication given through the mouth
- Oral medication
- A material used to give liquid medication
- Dose syringe
- A material used to give pills or bolus
- Balling gun
- Compare and contrast health and disease.
- Health is the condition of an animal in terms of how the functions of life are being performed while diseases are disturbances in the function of an animal. Both affect the behavior of an animal.
- How does health affect behavior?
- Health affects behavior of animals depending on good and bad health. If an animal is in good health, it will show a positive behavior, while an animal will bad health will show a negative, or bad behavior.
- Four signs of good health
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1. Good appetite
2. Alert and content behavior
3. Bright eyes
4. Shiny coat - Four signs of ill health
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1. Lack of appetite
2. Sunken eyes or discharge from eyes
3. Discharge from the mouth or nostrils
4. Inactivity - How does environment affect health?
- The aspects of the environment of an animal can affect the well-being or health. How healthy or ill an animal is depends on the components of the environment such as temperature, light, and humidity.
- How can the environment be manipulated for the benefit of an animal?
- The temperature of an environment can change to better suit the animal using heat lamps and cool water. Light can also be provided to give heat. Proper ventilation can be added to remove humidity, thus removing microbes and bacteria that can harm animals.
- What are some results of poor health?
- Poor health can cause death, lower production, and human disease. Death causes the producer to lose profit and this can result in the increase of cost on the product. Lower productions also decreases profits for the producers. Human diseases can be contracted from products that came from poor health.
- Explain the difference between contagious and noncontagious diseases.
- Contagious diseases are diseases that spread by direct or indirect contact from other animals while noncontagious diseases are diseases that do not spread through casual contact. Unlike noncontagious diseases that can be caused by a nutritional, physiological, or neurological problem, contagious diseases are caused by pathogens.
- List three diseases of animals and describe each.
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1. Anthrax: an acute infectious diseases that frequently affects cattle and can cause fevers, rapid respiration, and swelling of the neck.
2. Bang's disease (brucellosis): attacks the reproductive tract of female cattle, sheep, and hogs.
3. Blackleg: an acute highly infectious disease that affects cattle, sheep, and goats that causes high fevers, swelling of the neck and shoulder, muscles in the neck, shoulder, and thighs cracked when mashed, and finally death. - How does the body fight off diseases?
- The body fights off diseases using antibodies in the body. Antibodies such as leukocytes fight off pathogens and diseases.
- List and explain several methods of maintaining good health.
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1. Environmental Condition: animal's habitats or whereabouts is spacious, properly ventilated, clean, and dry.
2. Sanitation: animal's area is always kept clean by removing dead animals, wase, and manure and using disinfectant
3. Proper Nutrition: animal is fed regularily with proper food - What kinds of medications are used?
- Several types of medications used are antibiotics, pesticides, dietary supplements, sulfonamides, vaccines, and more used to prevent, treat, and remove parasites and diseases.