LOM 14
Terms
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- acquired immunity
- formation of antibodies and lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen
- adenoids
- masses of lymph tissue in the nasopharynx
- antibody
- protein produced by lymphocytes that destroys antigens
- axillary node
- one of 20 to 30 lymph nodes in the armpit (underarm)
- B cell
- lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow and transforms into a plasma cell to secret antibodies.
- cell-mediated immunity
- an immune response involving T-cell lymphocytes; antigens are destroyed by direct action of cells, as opposed to antibodies
- cervical node
- one of many lymph nodes in the neck region
- cytokine
- protein that aids cells to destroy antigens
- cytotoxic cell
- T-cell lymphocyte that directly kills foreign cells; also called T8 cell
- dendritic cell
- cell that captures antigens and presents them to T cells
- helper T cell
- lymphocyte that aids B cell in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production; also called T4 cell
- humoral immunity
- immune response in which B cells transform into plasma cells and secrete antibodies
- immune response
- the body's capacity to resist all types of organisms and toxins that can damage tissue and organs; immunity
- immunoglobulins
- antibodies (gamma globulins) such as IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and IgD that are secreted by plasma cells in humoral immunity
- immunotherapy
- use of immunologic knowledge and techniques to treat disease
- inguinal node
- one of several lymph nodes in the groin region
- interferons
- antiviral proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells; they also stimulate macrophages to ingest bacteria
- interleukins
- proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the growth of B- or T-cell lymphocytes and activate specifric components of the immune system
- interstitial fluid
- fluid that lies between cells and becomes lymph as it enters lymph capillaries
- lymph
- Thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body. Latin, lympha, means "water."
- lymph capillaries
- tiniest lymphatic vessels
- lymphoid organs
- lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland
- lymph node
- stationary lymph tissue along lymph vessels
- lymph vessel
- carrier of lymph throughout the body; lymph vessels empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest
- macrophage
- large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body
- mediastinal node
- one of many lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the thoracic (chest) cavity
- monoclonal antibody
- an antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens. It is useful in immunotherapy and cancer treatment
- natural immunity
- a person's own genetic ability to fight off disease
- natural killer (NK) cell
- lymphocyte that recognizes and destroys foreign cells (viruses and tumor cells) by releasing cytotoxins
- plasma cell
- lymphoid cell that secretes an antibody and originates from B-cell lymphocytes
- right lymphatic duct
- large lymph vessel in the chest that receives lymph from the upper right part of the body
- spleen
- organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells
- suppressor T cell
- lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B- and T-cell lymphocytes
- T cell
- lymphocytes formed in the thymus gland; it acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic to antigens
- thoracic duct
- large lymph vessel in the chest that r eceives lymph from below the diaphragm and from the left side of the body above the diaphragam; it empties the lymph into veins in the upper chest
- thymus gland
- organ in the mediastinum that produces T-cell lymphocytes and aids in the immune response
- tonsils
- masses of lymph tissue in the back of the oropharynx
- toxin
- poison; a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals or plants
- vaccination
- introduction of altered antigens (viruses or bacteria) to produce an immune response and protection against disease. The term comes from the Latin "vacca," meaning "cow," and was used when the first inoculations were given with organisms thatr caused the disease cow pox to produce immunity to smallpox
- vaccine
- weakened or killed microorganisms administered to produce immunity to infection or disease
- immun/o
- protection
- lymph/o
- lymph
- lymphaden/o
- lymph node
- splen/o
- spleen
- thym/o
- thymus gland
- tox/o
- poison
- ana-
- again, new
- inter-
- between
- autoimmune disease
- chronic, disabling disease caused by abnormal production of antibodies to normal tissues
- immunoglobin
- antibodies - IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, IgD
- lymphopoiesis
- formation of lymph cells
- lymphedema
- swelling of tissues due to interstitial fluid accumulation
- lymphocytopenia
- deficiency of lymph cells
- lymphocytosis
- abnormal condition of the lymph cells
- lymphoid
- resembling lymph
- lymphadenopathy
- disease condition of the lymph node
- lymphadenitis
- inflammation of the lymph node
- splenomegaly
- enlargement of the spleen
- splenectomy
- removal of the spleen
- hypersplenism
- syndrome marked by enlargement of the spleen and associated with anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia
- thymoma
- tumor of the thymus gland
- thymectomy
- removal of the thymus gland
- toxic
- pertaining to poison
- anaphylaxis
- exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substance
- -phylaxis
- protection
- -stitial
- pertaining to standing or positioned
- allergen
- substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity in the body; a type of antigen
- atopy
- hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition. From the Greek word atopia, which means strangeness
- CD4 + lymphocytes
- helper T cells that carry the CD4+ protein antigen on their surface. HIV binds to CD4+ and infects and kills T cells bearing this protein
- Hodgkin disease
- malignant tumor or lymph tissue in spleen and lymph nodes; Reed-Sternberg cell is often found on microscopic analysis
- human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- virus (retrovirus) that causes AIDS
- Kaposi sarcoma
- Malignant (cancerous) condition associated with AIDS; arises from the lining of capillaries and appeaars as bluish-red skin nodules
- opportunistic infections
- infectious diseases associated with AIDS; they occur because AIDS lowers the body's resistance and allows infection by bacteria and parasites that normally are easily contained
- non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue. Examples are follicular lymphoma and large cell lymphoma
- protease inhibitor
- drug that treats AIDS by blocking the production of protease, a proteolytic enzyme that helps to create new viral pieces for HIV
- retrovirus
- RNA virus that makes copies of itself by using the host cell's DNA; this is in reverse (retro-) fashion because the regular method is for DNA to copy itself onto RNA. A retrovirus (like HIV) carries an enzyme, called reverse transcriptase, that enables it to reproduce within the host cell
- reverse transcriptase inhibitor
- drug that treats AIDS by blocking reverse transcriptase, an enzyme needed to make copies of the HIV virus
- ELISA test
- test to detect anti-HIV antibodies
- immunoelectrophoresis
- test that separates immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgE, IgA, IgD)
- CT scan
- computerized x-ray imaging in the transverse plane (computed tomography)