Lab PRacTiCaL TreE!
Terms
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- Several types of media are inoculated simultaneously with initial specimen.
- battery of media
- What are the three purposes of battery of media?
-
1. To culture all bacterial species present and to see if any predominate
2. To differentiate species by certain characteristic responses
3.To selectively encourage growth of interest will supressing the normal flora - What grams are staphylococcus and e. coli?
-
staph- gram pos
e. coli- gram neg - What does the BBL Jar do?
- Makes things anaerobic.
- What does the blood agar plate contain?
- 5% defibrinated sheep's blood, tryptic soy agar
- Is blood agar plate basic or differential or selective?
- basica and differential
- In a BAP, if there is a green discoloration partial clearing around the colonies, what is occuring?
- Alpha hemolysis
- What is the zone of complete clearing of the blood around the colonies due to lysis of red blood cells?
- Beta hemolysis
- What is no change of media around colonies and no lysis of RBCS?
- Gamma
- What is manitol salt agar plate: selective, differential, or basic?
- selective and differential
- What does the MSA plate contain?
- 7.5% salt, carbohydrate-manitol
- What media do halophiles grow on?
- MSA
- What selective microbe grows in the presence of 7.5% salt: MSA plate?
- staphylococci
- What differential microbe ferments mannitol resulting in production of acid?
- staph aureus
- What three microbes respond to blood agar plate in these ways: gamma, alpha, beta?
-
gamma-staph epi
s. pnuemo-alpha
st. pyogenes-beta - What is the key reaction in a manitol salt agar plate?
- yellow reaction for staph aureus
- What also grows on manitol salt agar, but does not produce acid?
- staph epi
- What does the MacConkey plate contain?
- bile salt, crystal violet, lactose and neutral red
- What type of organisms are inhibited by crystal violet and bile salts?
- selective gram positives
- What do differential microbes do to a MacConkey plate? What about non-fermenting lactose microbes?
-
turn it red to pink because they ferment lactose.
colorless and translucent - What does the MacConkey plate select for?
- Gram negatives
- What are the reasons for using the hectone plate?
- GI problems- fecal pathogens
- What color does the hectone plate turn if a normal fecal flora grows on it?
- yellow orange-lactose fermenters
- What color does the hectone plate turn if a possible pathogen grows on it?
- blue green with black center
- How does salmonella grow on the hektone?
- blue or blue green with black center
- How does shigella grow on the hektone?
- blue-green colonies
- What does the pea plate select for?
- gram positives
- What does the PEA plate contain?
- 5% sheep blood
- On the Bile esculin slant, what has happened if it has turned black?
- bacteria has hydrolyzed esculin resulting in black media
- What is the type of bacteria that turns the BE Slant black?
- Enterococcus faecalis
- How does the BE slant show growth that was selectively grown?
- their abilities to grow in bile
- What has occurred when the citrate slant has turned blue?
- Bacteria have used sodium citrate as their sole source of carbon
- What can media never be?
- Basic and selective- because they are opposites!
- What disinfectant was the most effective?
- lysol
- What disinfectant was the least effective?
- ethanol
- Which bacteria was the hardest to inhibit?
- gram positives
- Which bacteria was the easiest to inhibit?
- gram negatives
- free
- free
- What can be used to distinguish different organisms?
- fermentation of carbs
- What are the end products of fermentation?
- acid,alcohol,or gas
- What is a small tube inverted in liquid growth media?
- durham tube
- What does the durham tube indicate?
- Traps gas, proves fermentation has occured
- What does phenol red do?
- when acid is produced, a pink to yellow color turns out
- What enzyme is present in bacteria that grow in the presence of oxygen?
- catalase
- What is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen?
- catalase
- What is the KEY test in distinguishing Staph positive from Strep negative?
- catalase
- What is the test that detects an enzyme produced by most strains of Staphylococcus aureus considered specific for this organism?
- coagulase test
- What does the coagulase test result in?
- coagulation of rabbit plasma
- What does the oxidase test test for?
- cytochrome oxidase
- What enzyme is part of the electron transport system?
- cytochrome oxidase
- What are the green, red, and white liquids used in the carbohydrate-durham tube test?
-
green-glucose
white-lactose
red-sucrose - What is put in broths to ID bacteria?
- gram negative bacilli-enterobacteriacae
- What three things can we learn for the nutrient broth tests?
- Bacteria grow? Acid? Gas?
- What is the control for testing for fermentation of acid- and what are the results if acid is present?
-
red broth -control
acid present- yellow orange - What will the nutrient broths have if growth is present?
- acid or growth
- What is anything that illicits an immune response stimulating the production of antibodies?
- antigen
- What is specific immunoglobulins produced in response to an antigenic challenge?
- antibodies
- Where are antibodies found?
- blood, plasma, and body fluids
- What can the serum globulins do?
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1. bind and neutralize bacterial toxins
2. bind to surfaces of bacteria, viruses or parasites - What is the use of a known antibody or antigen to diagnose and define an infection agent?
- immunologic identification
- What is the forming of an insoluble immune complex by the cross linking of cells or particles?
- agglutination
- When does agglutination occur?
- Occurs when you have homologous antigen and antibody present
- What does agglutination serve as?
- Evidence that a ag-ab reaction has occured.
- What does Elisa stand for?
- Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
- How can you visualize an antigen directly?
- immunofluorescence which requires a special microscope
- What is the test where a specific antibody tagged with a flourescing dye?
- fluorescent antibody
- When would you use a fluorsecent antibody?
- id of viruses and parasistic diseases
- What is the confirmatory test for HIV?
- western blot
- What is the test for id of specific antigens of the hiv virus by use of antibodies with known specificities?
- western blot
- What is the act of multiplying many thousand fold a minute an amount of virus antigen to where even the smallest amount can be detected?
- polymerase chain reaction
- How long do you incubate the APIE test for?
- 18-24 hours
- What is the scoring based on in the APIE test?
- color
- What color on the apie test does it change when it's positive?
- yellow
- For the TDA slot, what color is the control versus positive?
-
control-yellow
positive-rusty gold brown - For the indol slot, what color is the control versus the positive?
- control-red ring around meniscus
- What color will the vp slot turn if positive?
- pink or red
- What will GEL slot look like if positive?
- diffusion of black in whole cup