micro test 2 2
Terms
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- Prions wwere discovered by
- Stanly Pruisner
- The protein coat of the virus is called
- capsid
- A complete virus is called a
- virion
- A virus that coexists with its host is called
- temperate virus
- This virus is known to cause liver cancer
- HBV
- This virus secretes a______to soften the host cell before entry
- lysozyme
- The time from adsorption to release is called
- burst time
- This virus is responsible for a std
- HSV2
- These virus-like particles cause diseases only in plants
- viroids
- Rubella is a known example for a
- teratogen
- A virus that infects bacteria is known as
- bacteriophage
- Prions are known to excessively accumulate in
- plasma membrane
- Retrovirus contains
- RNA
- Viroids are naked
- RNA
- This is the best method to grow viral vaccines
- diploid fibroblast strains
- This is a retrovirus
- HTLV
- The presense of viroid can be detected by this method
- RNA sequencing
- These enzymes are known to join 2 DNA moleculed together
- Ligase
- This virus is known to cause cerivical cancer in women
- HPV 8
- ........is a virus known to cause leukemia in humans
- HTLV
- Localized accumulation of invasive, abnormal cells is known as
- tumor
- A start codon is always
- methionine
- Mad cow disease is caused by
- prion
- Tomato apical stunt disease is caused by a
- viriod
- Caffeine is an example for
- base analong
- Acridine dervatives always cause
- frame shift
- The Ames test uses an auxotrop of
- Salmonella
- Ultra violet rays cause dimmer effect on these molecules
- pyrimidine
- Light repair takes place exclusively in these organisms
- bacteria
- Transduction happens between a bacteria and
- viruses
- These plasmids are only found in fungi
- T1 plasmids
- this plasmid plays an important role in establishing pathogenicity in killer bacteria
- Virulent plasmidss
- Bacteria killing proteins are known as
- bacteriocins
- These genes are known as jumping genes
- transposon
- Bacteria killing protein are produced by genes located on this plasmid
- bacteriocinogen
- Alkylating agents add this molecule to the bases
- CH3
- Clolstrum is a bodily fluid rich in
- antibodies
- These proteins that can slice DNA into bits
- restriction enzymes
- Immunoglobulin is mainly present in blood
- IgG
- Immunoglobulin are also known as
- antibodies
- This immunoglobulin is connected with the mast and baseophils and is used to detect an allergic reaction
- IgE
- These small non protein molecules bind with larger protein molecules and cause anaphylctic reaction
- Hapten
- Tolerance in host cells is achieved by
- Radiation
- UV mutation involves the aligning of 2 adjecent
- pyrimidine
- For sucessful conjugation to occur one of the bacterial cells must contain this plasmid
- F plasmid
- Antigens usually contain antigen binding sites called
- epitopes
- Kaposi Sarcoma is mainly associated with this virus
- HIV
- A cell without a cell wall is known as
- protoplast
- Monoclonal antibodies are a fusion of
- myeloma cancer
- ......are Y shaped molecules
- antibody
- A site to which antibodies bind on an antigen is known as
- epitope
- The first stage of viral replication is
- adsorption
- synthesis of lysozyme takes place in this stage
- penetration
- The viral nucleic acid and capsid are assembled to produce new viral particles in this stage
- maturation
- This monoclonal antibody is used in the treatment of leukemia
- rituxan
- Kuru is caused by
- prions
- Gardasil is an effective vaccine for prevention of this virus
- HPV 8
- A known teratogen found in the Arkansas river is
- mercury
- Proteins are synthesized in this organelle
- ribosomes
- Cephalomycin, a cephalosporin is produced by this genetic engineering method
- protoplast fusion
- Mustard gas is known as
- alkylating agent
- Naturally occuring mutation are known as
- spontaneous mutation
- This bacteriocin is commericially available and used on cheese
- Nisin
- List 3 reasons as to why viruses are considered as non living
-
No organelles
Need living host
Synthesis - What is a Torch series? Why is it used in medicine?
- It is used to detect tetagen, so it detects birth defects in the embryo
- List 3 diseases caused by viroids
- Potato spindle tuber, chrysanthemum stunt disease, tomato apical stunt
- List the 3 steps in heredity. Explain each stage.
-
Replication - DNA produces more DNA
Transcription - DNA helps make RNA
Translation - RNA combines w/amino acids to produce proteins - Differentiate the characteristics between the 2 types of strains used by Fredrick Griffiths
- Used Smooth R (killed) and Rough R (did not kill)
- 4 different types of mutation. Which causes cancer
- Point, frameshift, UV, and spontaneous. Framshift causes cancer
- List 2 types of DNA repair mechanisms. Explain the role of the 4 different enzymes involved in human DNA repair
-
Light & Dark
1. Endonucleus
2. DNA polymerse
3. Exonucleus
4. Ligase - What is the dimer effect? Which mutagen causes it.
- consist of two adjacent pyrimidine (two thymine, two cytosines, or thymine and cytosine) bond together in a DNA strand
- List and explain 2 tools of biotechnology
-
Gene Amplification - plasmids self replicate
Recombinate DNA - recombines 2 different DNA from 2 organsisms to create commerial products like insulin - 6 Major groups of plasmids. Which plasmids are involved in the synthesis of bacteria killing proteins and antibotic resistance
- F, R, Catabolite, bacteriocigens, virulent, & T1. Bacteriocigins - kill proteins. R - resistant to antibotics
- What is taxol and Factor VIII? What are they used for?
- both are products of genetic engineering. Taxol is an anti cancer drug. Factor VIII is a blood clotting drug
- List 3 diseases caused by prions
- scrapie, kura, bsc
- Explain 2 ways of getting naturally acquired immunity
- Exposure to disease and drinking colostrum
- List 4 properties of a good immune system. Which one plays a role during organ transplantation
-
Self vs. Host - play role
Memory
diversity
specificity - List 3 immunoglobulins & cite location of 2
-
IgA - tears
IgG - blood
IgM - What does DPT& MMR stand for
-
Measles, Mumps, & Rubella
Diptheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis - List 2 kinds of polio vaccines? which is is better & why?
-
Salks - dead virus last 3 to 5 years
Sabine - live virus last for 10 years - How does a vaccine differ from a taxiod
-
vaccine a person is injected w/live or dead virus
Taxiod - a person is injected w/toxin - List 3 known cancers caused by viruses
-
Cerivical cancer
liver cancer
cancer of connective tissue