Anthro100 Human Cultures
Anthropology
Anthro100 Human Cultures
Anthro100 Human Cultures
Terms
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- Mary Douglas
- Pollution "Matter out of place"
- Polygyny
- Marriage between a man and teo or more women
- Pollution
- "Matter out of place"
- Etic
- Scholarly knowledge and understanding of a culture's patterns and logic that may be outside the awareness of members of the culture being studied
- Franz Boas
- Cultural Relativism
- Age Mates
- Males who are initiated, and go through life's stages, together
- Genitor
- A person's biological father
- Creolisation
- Cultural borrowing that produces novel cultural practices or products
- Monogamy
- Marriage in which individuals have only one spouse
- Achieved Status
- The status one acquires during their lifetime
- Kula
- Competitive, ritualised exchange of valuables in the Trobriand Islands and other Massim societies
- Holism
- The anthropological position that to understand any given social or cultural phenomenon, we must understand its relationship to other sociocultural phenomenon in that society
- Acephalous
- A society without formal government or political offices
- Genotype
- One's genetic make-up
- Globalisation
- The process by which the people of the world affect each other
- Ethnocentrism
- The opinion that one's own way of life is natural and correct and the only reasonable or appropriate way of being fully human
- Ethnology
- Analysis and comparison based on cross-cultural comparison
- Symbol
- Something that stands for something else
- Patrilocal / Virilocal Residence
- Postmarital residence with the husband's kin
- Indigenous Peoples
- societies or cultures, incorporated into settler societies, that were independent prior to colonisation
- Racism
- The insistence that races exist, determine our human possibilities and characters and that some are superior to others
- Phenotype
- The observable manifestation of one's genes
- Anthropology
- The study of humanity in all times, places and dimentions
- Taboo
- Forbidden social behaviour
- Agriculture
- A mode of subsistence characterised by permanent cultivation, the use of ploughs, draft animals and sometimes technologies such as irrigation or soil control
- Marriage
- A socially recognised relationship that provides a continuing claim to sexual access and legitimises the offspring of that relationship
- Polyandry
- Marriage between a woman and two or more men
- Ascribed Status
- One's status by birth and inheritance
- Peasants
- Food-producing societies that are incorporated politically, economically and culturally into states
- Genetrix
- A person's biological mother
- Marshall Sahlins
- Marshall Sahlins
- Marvin Harris
- Marvin Harris
- World Religion
- A religion that has become meaningful to culturally diverse peoples
- Society
- A group of people who are mutually dependent for their survival, well-being or basic living arrangements
- Eurocentrism
- A tendency to project European conceptual understandings onto the cultural practices of other societies. May or may not entail ethnocentrism
- James Scott
- James Scott
- Emile Durkheim
- The Dichotomy of Sacred and Profane
- Art
- Forms of creative expression that are based on culturally defined aesthetic principles
- Money
- A standard of value for purposes of exchange
- Potlatch
- Competitive feasting and gifting among Northwest Coast Native North Americans
- Polygamy
- Form of marriage permitting a person to have multiple spouses simultaneously
- Immanuel Wallerstein
- Immanuel Wallerstein
- World System
- A long-term system of global interrelationships consisting of core, semi-periphery and periphery
- Subsistence
- The ways in which a society utilises the environment in meeting their needs
- Affines
- People related by marriage. In-laws
- Race (2)
- A cultural concept premised on perceptions that humanity is divided into discrete biological sub-species which are reflected in phenotypical features, such as colour or hair texture
- Redistribution
- Centralised collection of wealth followed by reallocation
- Balanced Reciprocity
- Exchanges of approximate equivalence, with a clear obligation to return them within a specified time limit
- Richard Lee
- Wrote about the Ju'/hoansi people
- Fraternal Interest Groups
- Groups of related males who defend each other's interests
- Patrilineal Descent
- Descent systems in which membership and inheritance pass through the male line
- Ideology
- Ideas that justify the status quo, including prevailing inequalities
- Enculturation / Socialisation
- Process of learning to be culturally and socially appropriate human beings
- Kinship
- The anthropological study of how people define, understand and relate to their relatives
- Key Symbol
- A symbol that is central to a particular culture
- Transnational Society
- A society that is spread over multiple countries and continents
- Karl Marx
- Religion is the opium of the masses
- Sex
- Biological markings of male and female
- Plasticity
- The inborn capacity of young humans to learn and grow into any socio-cultural world
- Feud
- Ongoing intra-group conflict based on the principle of violent reciprocity
- Ethnicity
- Aspects of relationships between groups which consider themselves, and are regarded by others, as being culturally distinctive (Eriksen 2002: 4)
- Culture
- Symbolically-based human behaviour and understanding that is learned and typical of a particular society
- Affluence
- The condition of having more than enough of whatever is required to satisfy culturally defined consumption needs
- Resistance
- The power / ability to refuse or avoid being made to conform
- Marcel Mauss
- Gift Exchange - the religious, legal, economic, mythological and other aspects of giving, receiving and repaying in different cultures
- Cultural Universals
- Elements of culture that exist in all known human groups or societies
- Race (1)
- A geographically isolated subdivision of a species that can reproduce with individuals from other subdivisions of the same species, but does not because of its geographical isolation
- Bronislaw Malinowski
- Participant observation
- Clifford Geertz
- "Man is an animal suspended in webs of siignificance he himself has spun..."
- Matrilineal Descent
- Descent systems in which membership and inheritance pass through the female line
- Foraging
- Subsistence characterised by reliance on wild plants and animals for meeting their wants and needs
- Cultural / Methodological Relativism
- Understanding a culture in its own terms sympathetically enough that it can be seen as a coherent and meaningful design for living
- Moral / Ethical Relativism
- The position holding that there are no grounds for ethical or moral evaluation of any practice or action
- Dowry
- Marriage custom that recognises and admits few differences in wealth, status or power
- Exogamy
- Social expectation / rule that members of a group marry outside the group
- Eugenics
- The argument that the social evolutionist principle of "survival of the fittest" should inform human population management
- Endogamy
- Social expectation / rule that members of a group marry within the group
- Feral Child
- One raised by animals or growing up in the wild
- Gender
- Cultural attributions of masculinity, femininity and blending of the two
- Religion
- Beliefs, practices and institutions focussed on the sacred
- Colonialism
- The active possession of a foreign territory and maintenance of direct political control over that territory
- Race (3)
- A ideology purporting to classify, differentiate and rank human beings on the basis of natural differences
- Pastoralism
- A mode of subsistence based on herding domesticated animals
- Sherry Ortner
- Key Symbols
- Ethnography
- Written analysis of the culture and society of a group of people
- Mater
- A person's socially recognised mother
- Generalised Reciprocity
- Giving and taking without consideration of time or value of eventual return
- Consanguines
- People related by birth. May or may not be "blood" relatives
- Participant Observation
- The fieldwork technique that involves gathering data by observing and participating in peoples lives
- Subsistence Economy
- An economy in which production is directed primarily at survival
- Emic
- Understanding of a culture's practices held by its members
- Pater
- A person's socially recognised father