anthro chapter four
Terms
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- acadian heritage and reason for pilgramage
- came to the new world from France, Scotland and Basque to escape military conflicts between britian and france
- handsome lake
- iroquois copied european farming stressing male labour rather than female
- bedouin transfer of wealth
- expect to be compensated for work with gifts of lifestock, girls inherit gifts for labour but only about half of the lifestock that their brothers recieve
- extradomestic
- outside the home; within or pertaining to public domain
- treaty of utrecht 1713
- put acadians under british control
- plural society
- extends from pakistan to middle east. society combining ethinic contrasts, ecological specialization and economic interdependence of those groups
- cultural colonialism
- internal domination by one group and its culutre/ideology over others
- why was early ethnographic research flawed
- lacked consideration of gender roles because most ethnographers were male from patriarchal societies and had restricted access to woman because of cultural convention
- hypodescent
- places the child of a union between different groups in the minority group
- Kiriwina Trobrianders
- bronislaw malinowski and annette weiner, slash and burn horticulturalists famous for yam gardens
- hidden transcript
- critique of power/dominates that goes on "off stage"where they can't hear it
- green revolution
- agricultural development based on chemical fertilizers, pesticides, 20th century cultivation techniques and new crop varieties such as IR-8 "miracle rice"
- pierre bourdieu
- every social order tries to make its arbitrariness, including opression, seem normal
- 3 dimensions to social stratification
- economic status, power, and prestige
- village head
- always a man, leadership position in a village ex. yanomami, has limited authority leads by example and persuasion in bands
- the big man is found
- melanesian islands and papua new guinea
- domestic-public dichotomy
- strong differentiation between the home and the outside world
- intrinsic racism
- belief that a percieved racial difference is a significant reason to value one person less than another
- christianity
- "world-rejecting" religion. rejects the normal, wants the supernatural
- sociopolitical typology
- classification scheme based on the scale and complexity of social organizations and the effectivenss of political regulation; includes band, tribe, chiefdom and state
- patrilineal-patrilocal complex
- began with scarce resource, lead to waging wars on other villages ex. Yanomami of Papua new guinea
- increased equity
- reduction of poverty, a more even distrabution of wealth
- intervention philosophy
- ideological justification for outsiders to guide native people in specific directions
- public transcript
- used by james scott, open, public, interactions between dominators and oppressed
- java's problems with the green revolution
- pesticides killed the fish, entrenched interests, wealthy villagers reaped the benefits instead of small-scale farmers
- trobriander death
- bundles of skirts given away, closest are "owners", others are "workers"
- olympian pantheon
- collection of supernatural beings
- bedouin division of space by sex
- open space in dessert and market place is men's space, women's space was the tent
- social races
- groups assumed to have biological basis but are actually arbitrarily defined by culture, not scientifially
- semiperiphery and periphery
- nations with less power wealth and influence than the core, semiperiphery nation is brazil
- trobriander child bearing
- child concieved between a woman and her ancestral spirit, assures a pure bloodline without breaking incest taboos, sexual activity is encouraged outside of conception because it is believed to feed the child
- core
- dominatn position in the world system, includes the strongest and most powerful nations
- corruption
- the abuse of the public office for private gain
- acadian economic structure
- fishing, farming and fur trade
- overinnovation
- too much change
- nationalities
- imagined communities that once had/wish to have autonomous political status
- discrimination
- policies and practices that harm a group and its members: de facto: practiced but not legally sanctioned, de jure: part of the law
- trobriander marriage
- chiefs power determined by his number of wives, he recieves an annual harvest of yams from the wife's family.matrilineal exogamous and clan exogamous. best match is to father's clan because it unites two matrilineages
- stratum
- one of two or more groups that contrast in social status and access to strategic rsources
- cargo cults
- revitalization movement emerged when natives had regular contact with industrial systems and started mimicking how europeans treat cargo to hope to gain the secret of how to gain cargo
- 3 significant residential units
- the household, the extended household (camping cluster) and dry camps
- Betty Friedman
- Feminine Mystique 1963
- phenotype
- an organism's evident traits, "manifest biology" physiology and anatomy (skin colour, hair form, etc.)
- differential access to resources
- unequal access to resources based on attributes of chiefdoms and states. subordinates have limited access while superodrinates have favoured access
- mission civilisatrice
- missionaries goal to implant french culture, language and religion, equivalent to white man's burden
- treaty of paris 1764
- allowed the acadians to return if they were willing to take the oath to Queen Anne but they were not allowed to settle in tight-knit communities
- industrial stratification
- began in 1900s from European immigration, lead to male work force. this faded during WWI and WWII
- the great expulsion
- acadians refused to sign allegiance to the british crown in 1755
- post colonial
- study of interaction between european nations and societies they colonized
- end of european colonialism
- american independence in 19th century
- bedouin men dependent on women
- women own the tents so they control the shelter, however men can take more than one wife
- french colonialism
- explorations in the 1600s, was spurred on by the state, church and armed forces more than profit
- Bay of Fundy
- where Acadians settled
- hegemony
- antoni gramsi, stratified order, subordinates accept dominates and internalize their values
- anne stoler
- economic determinants of female status are freedom or autonomy and social power
- ethnicity
- identification with and feeling part of, an ethnic group and exlusion from certain groups because of this affiliation
- english colonialism
- 2 stages: elizabethan voyages of the 16th century and second stage started after 1788 and intensfied after 1815..."white man's burden"
- small c communism
- social system with property owned by the community and people work for the common good
- acadian region
- nova scotia, p.e.i, new brunswick, SE quebec, eastern maine. these were strategic positions coveted by the france and britain
- capital c communism
- establish a form of communism like the USSR, highly centralized and strict disciplines
- status
- ecnompasses the various postitions people occupy in a society
- development anthropology
- the branch of applied anthropology that focuses on socail issue in and the cultural dimension of economic developement
- bedouin division of labour by sex
- divided into women's and men's work and neutral work
- Trobrianders economic exchange
- Kula ring and yam exchange. yams cooked are food, raw are wealth and power
- nation
- used to be synonymous with tribe or ethnic group, now synonymous with state. an atounomous political entity
- Rashaayda Bedouin
- Arab speaking nomadic pastoralists
- colonialism
- form of opression. refers to political, social, economic and culturral domination of a territory and its people by a foreign power for an extended time
- prejudice
- attitutudes and judgements, devaluing a group because of its assumed behavior, values, capabilities or attributes. ex. stereotypes
- Etoro culture
- frowned upon hetersexual intercourse but viewed it as essential, boys had to be orrally inseminated
- underdifferentiation
- view less developed countries as being more alike than they are
- neoliberalism
- dominant in intervention philosophy, economic liberalism
- Sudanese Azande
- male warriors took male brides and then upon retiring from being a warrior took female brides