PE 201 Final

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Greek Games: -Zappas~ rich merchants
-Established Olympic Trust Fund
-1859~combination fair, exhibition, athlete
-differences
Wenlock Games: -Dr. Brooks~ passionate about PR in schools
-Town in Wenlock
-Track & Field
-Cricket
-Local athletes
-opening parade
-relationship w/ coubertin
Baron de Coubetin: -Born 1863
-French aristocracy
-College: focused on sport edu.
-Edu. through teh physical
-Intensity patriotic
~sport promoted physical health
Olympic Games: -Coubertin visits England and the U.S, meets sloane in the U.S.
-Sport is the way to bring Nations together
-Hopes for French ppl
-international coference for the study & prorogation of the Principle Amateurism
AT teh conference: -last item on agenda
-voted olympic games back
-IOC, 14 members selected by coubertin
-Paris v. Athens
-he had to convince the Greeks
Rebirth of the Olympic games: coubertin responsible for:
-opening & closing ceremonies
-olympic flag
-oath
-Peace
-Motto= Faster, Higher, Stronger
-opposed women in sport
-no financial awards
1896 Games- Athens: -10 long days
-very few team sports
track
swimming
cycling
shooting
fencin
gymnastics
tennis
-Averoff helped w/ building facilities
Paris 1900: -internaitonal Expo
-side show
-may 20-sept2 (long time- not a short specific time frame)
-terrible facilities
-1330 athletes, 22 countries
-Sunday compitions (americans couldn't compete on Sundays)
**Ray Erway
-10 times olympic champion
-american~grew late
-4 gold medals
**1st female competition (lawn tennis)
St. Louis 1904: -political, ppl didn't want to go to st. louis
-worlds fair
-too distint
-july 1- Oct. 10 (still really spread out)
-12 countries 655 athletes
-story about cuban (car brought him most of the way, he's not dirty as the end, he admits he cheats)
Stockholm 1912: -helped firmly estab. teh return of the games
-huge crowds
-2547 athletes, 28 countries
-Jim thorpe(movie)
-racism
-commercialize him
-almost single-handedly raised the bar
Chamonix 1924: -1st winter games
-same country host, paris did summer games
-293 athletes, 16 countries
Los Angeles 1932: -olympic village
-Babe Didrikson
-we put on a show, opening & closing ceremonies
Berlin 1936 (hitler): Propaganda: Huge $ spent
-olympic flag
-nationalism
-4066 atheletes from 49 countries
-america questioned whether they should go
babe didrikson: -2 world records
-greatest of her time
-golf was her main sport
-played basketball, tenis, track, volleyball also
The growth of Sport: -2 things necessary for Growth
1.time ( more tech=more time)
2.money
-2nd-3rd generation(your dad played so you played)
-the car
-local sport: local media, tie to educational system
-sport goes from reform tool to a product in a consumer culture
-shift from protestant work(hard work) ethic to an affluence (easier)
-sport as a vehicle for entertainment
Amateur sport: -"sport for all" philosophy
-goal of health through gymnastics to character
-sportsmenship through sport
1900-1917: -Distinction b/t amateur & pro athletes
-upper class- equestrian, golf
-middle class-baseball, football
-american tendency to organize
-baseball, NCAA ect.
-Immigrants saw sport as an Americanizing force
-Heroes born through tobacoo cards & sports journaling
-baseball is king
-sport not a major force in culture but fast becoming one
Baseball 1900-1950: -1901 american league formed
-no world series in 1904
-dead ball era
-stars
-ty cobb, Honus Wagner, Walter Johnson, Cy Young
-1919 Black Sox Scandal (world series was rigged)
-Judge Landis saves baseball (suspended the players of the scandal for life and racism)
-usher the Babe Rith Era
Intercollegiate: -NCAA
-Intercollegiate Athletes Association of US
-Roosevelt, Mc Cracken- NYU
-did a study on deaths in football
-renamed NCAA in 1910
-educational role v. reforcement
-hurt progess for women
Intercollegiate sport for women: -separate departments
-avoid evils of mens athletics
-6d to professionalism
-training for a few at the expense for many
-it was unsocial
-professional coaches
-Greatest good for greates number
-they organized sport days
-they organized sport days
-take a group of women- meet w/ other colleges & play sports (not as a school team but mixed)
-women protested women being in the olypmics, they thought those women were sellouts (didn't want women to be masculine i.e babe didr.)
Babe Ruth: -1st athlete to realize it was a stage
-he was an international celebrity
-he brought ppl back to the ball park
-owners didn't like him (very independent and asked for more $)
-called him black b/c of his features
-rough childhood, was in an orphange
-red sox "bought him"
-red sox gave him to the Yankees
-he ran wild in NY
-said he needed 2 women each night
-loved children
babe review: -he defined the birth of a sports nation
-he saved baseball from the black sock scandal
-played during a time where athletes became intertainers- he changed it
-one of the 1st athletes to understand his worth
-defines the 20s era, times of excess
recreation: -the industrial revolution purged much leisures from our lives
-with the emphasis on work; positive & negative values were placed on time
-work=production; time well spent
-leisure=unproduction time; idleness
-defining leisure as free time
-industrialization divided our time
- leisure became asociated w/ unobligated time
-defined leisure in terms of freedom from rather than freedom to
-convient way to define leisure
-problems w/ this def.
-is there ever time w/out obligation
-having extra times (not times)
-free time can be used negatively & positive
-separates our lives into compartments
-defines who we are
reaction: -around 1900- an attempt to used "directed play as an answer to the problems created by the impact of economic forces upon society and attendant social structures"
directed play: -games (dodgement..), sport, intermeral games, playground activities
-rec. does not come out of play
parks and playgrounds: -intitially the playground movement $ the parks movements were est. as 2 different entities
-2 movements came together during the reform park era in early 20th century
america at play: -play and child dev.
-play spaces
-outdoor play for young children
-public recreation
social problems and teh play movement: -reconstruct moral values
-socail conditions
-commercail recreation
***Play has a greater shaping power over the character & nature of man than any other activity
-Luther Gulick
sand gardens- America's first playgournd: -Dr. Marie Zakrezewska
-Bostons 1st sand gardens were constructed in cities poortest districts
Early playground v. parks: -parks wer pleasureing ground- the countryside in the middle of the city, passive recreation
-playgournds were to build muscle & morals
-in early rec. movement ppl either went to parks or playgrounds
Public Recreation: -intial support came from private funds
-involmetn w/ settlement housed (ex. hullhouse- where immigrants came and lived)
-municipal support begins around 1900

"play for grown ppl is recreation- the renewal of life. For children it is growth- the gaining of life"-Joseph Lee
"We do not cease playing b/c we grow old; we grow old b/c we cease playing" J.L
Joseph Lee=father of the playground movement (10 yrs studied playgrounds)
-wealthy Bostian
-President of the playground Assoc. of America (1910-1927)
Parks & Playgrounds: -connection b/t parks and schools, park staff used school yards
-playground movement institutionalized in municipal parks
-playground leaders hired to offer programs in parks
-recreation centers as cleaning houses to deal with neighborhood problems thru collaboration w/ a variety of municipal agencies and settlement houses
-free play needed to become more organized- kids have a naturally sinful nature
need for recreation workers: -play areas are not enough
-teaching children to play
-qualificaitons of the play leader
-the model cirrculum
swimming pools: -link to personal hygeine
-providing of suits
-segregated by sex ( hours of pools)
-popular, 1 hours for marchingin, recieve suit and towel, changing clothes, showers, swim, dress
industrialization: -dance halls, film industries, amusement parks (coney island)
-alcohol and other vices, moral decay
-spectators (not participating) ex. films
Jackie Robinson: -racial integration of professional sport
-born in Georgia, raised in Pasadenia
-Ucla, 4 Sport
-Army civil rights
- Kansas city monarchs
-handpicked by ricky
-1947
-1st black in baseball hall of fame
-forcefull off the field-later years
Des: -forces working against
-"Do you really believe they're human"
-economic
-black baseball league employed many black people
-white stadium owners don't want to integrate b/c they make $ even when their team away
-black teams had a good deal
Pe after WWII: -Increase in leisure
-increase in Tech. and industry
-civil rights- equal access
-women in work force & have "work sporting events"
-increase in understanding sport and more important exercise
-team orienated activities, thought sport was a great training ground for teamwork (for war...)
2 things we learned about P.E. thru WWII: 1. we found that most of our draftees in shape , boot camp was used to get them in shape
2.we won the war by our shoulders concept of team work and fighting together- also the ability to assume leadership when the leader was killed
-unit draftees
-1953, Krues Weber Test- 53% failed
-Eisenhower-presidents council on Youth fitness
-1957-AAPHER Youth Fitness Test
-youth performed poorley
-1961-suggestions for schools
-identity underdeveloped, 15 min. of vigorous test
JFK (Test question): -president Elect Kennedy
-soft american
-gov. problem
-white house committee of health Ed.
-promotion of sport part & physical fitness
-changes name from Youth Fit. to physical fitness
-Pres. Johnson establishes President Physical Fitness Award
Aims for PE: -military aim (out of shape- want fitness)
-scientific aim
-ACSM- 1954 (medicine type "view" of sport)
-social aim
-sport education
Harvard Fatigue Lab 1927-1947: -DB Hill
-the effect of the environment on exercise (heat, cold, altitude, terrain)
-WWII
-the biggest contribution made by the HFL were in the scholars that the HFL produced (they went toward exercise science-called scholars)
-
1960's Exercise Pysical: -dev. of electronic analysis-measure gasses-study metab. easier
-until the 60's most studies focused on whole body response
-as tech. has increased the ability to examine the subcellular has changed teh field
Jogging Fad- Exercise Phys. to the masses: -the ability of exercise to effect health and the ageing process
-1968 kenneth Cooper wrote "Aerobics"
-Aerobic exercise is the best for cardiovascular training
-pts. system, based on the intesity and duration of the activity
-monitoring heart rate and oxygen consumption
-30 pts. males/ 24 pts. females
-what he did, was take all the info. from the harvard fatigue lab and all the scientists, and he made it understandable to the masses
Title IX- 1972: (huge- not to discriminate by gender)
-coeducation
-combining
-reorganization
1958- Joseph Penfold: -director of conservation of wildlife, Father of conservation
-fought against polution
-urged congress to do the following
-to preserve, develope, and assure accessibility
-to determine the types and locations of suck resources for future generations
-starts with conservation
2nd recreation revolution: federal involvement stimulated series of advancements in rec.
"Mission 66": -US natl parks service- 10 yrs restoration and improvement
-operation outdoors
recreation activites (test ?): -factos-mechanization of Recreation
-car, camper, tents
-tv
-40 hr work week
-highway
-outboard motor
-snowmobiles
-Result: tremendous strain on recreational facilities
Sport and PE (1960-1965): -vietnam war
-impacted EVERYTHING (ex. education, everyone enrolled in college to skip draft. grade inflation
-energy crisis
-TV
physical ed. university level: -combined department
-elective v. required (core pe)
-sub disciplines
-recreational activities
Professional Sports: -sport marketing (rais $ to attract best players)
-amateur v. professional
-free agency
-agency clause: sign w/ team always w/ a team
The history Race and Sport: -despite discrimination against a.a. throut history, in NA they have played a sig. role in the rise and developement of modern sport
-exclusion B4 civil war
-break thrus following emancipation proclamation
-racial seg. b/t WWI and WWII
-racial integration
women v. aa in sport (t ?): -it was said, a.a. are viewed as consumers
-plantaion sport- black players, white coaches and spectators.
Jim thorpe: minority, amateurism issues, Father of NFL
Jesse Owens: war movement, spokesman for AA athletes
Muhammad Ali: 1st to stand up against establishment, gained worldwide fame, civil rights movements
rebirth of olympics motivation dates: -coobertan
-natl pride, peace, france
-athens, berlin, 1924 winter olympics
what led to explosion of sport: -tech
-media
-sport tied to education
early rec: -father of rec= joseph lee
-playground movement, 20 yr study
-away from playground, directed play, sand pile
-2nd revoltion
-great depression creatd Fa
-pen fold, recreation outside (outboard motors)

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