Texas Massage Therapist Study
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- The study of the function of an organism is called?
- physiology
- All substances are made up of subatomic particles that form?
- atoms
- The krebs cycle occurs in __________.
- mitochondria
- There are _____ pairs of spinal nerves.
- 31
- The foramen is __________.
- a hole in a bone
- A deep depression in a bone is know as ___________.
- fossa
- A line of union of bones is called __________.
- suture
- The liquid part of blood is known as _________.
- plasma
- __________ carry blood away from the heart
- Arteries
- __________ carry blood back to the heart.
- Veins
- Cavities and capsules in and around joints are lined with a connective tissue membrane called ______________.
- synovial membrane
- _________ acts as a lubricant between the ends of bones and in spaces of great activity and friction.
- synovial fluid
- All living matter is composed of a colorless, jelly-like substance called?
- protoplasm
- What is the name of the code of ethics used by physicians?
- Hippocratic Oath
- What are the five categories of tissues in the body?
-
Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous
Liquid - Substances that act as organic catalysts to initiate, accelerate or control specific chemical reactions in the metabolic process are called?
- enzymes
- What are the two phases of metabolism?
-
anabolism - process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones
catabolism - breaking down of larger molecules into smaller ones. - The tissue that is a thin protective layer or covering that functions in the process of absorption, excretion, secretion and protection is?
- epithelial tissue
- ________ is the fibrous tissue between muscle bundles or forming the sheath around muscles or other structures that support nerves and blood vessels.
- fascia
- A group of tissues that form complex structures that perform certain functions are called?
- organs
- The basic unit of structure or function in the human body is?
- cell
- Who is know as the father of modern massage terminology?
- Dr. Johann Metzger
- The study of the structure of an organism is known as?
- anatomy
- Cells are organized into layers or groups called?
- tissues
- The pricipal parts of a cell are?
- cytoplasm, nucleus, centrosome and cell membrane
- The thin covering of the outer surface of the cytoplasm of a cell is called?
- cell membrane
- Which cell component divides into two parts during mitosis and moves to opposite poles of the dividing cell?
- centrosome
- Which cell component uses enzymes to digest foreign substances?
- lysosome
- Which cell component is responsible for releasing energy?
- mitochondria
- Which cell component contains DNA and supervises all cell activity?
- nucleus
- The network of sacs and canals inside a cell are known as?
- endoplasmic reticulum
- Cell division is known as?
- mitosis
- The complex chemical and physical process that takes place in living organisms where the cells are nourished and carry out their various activities is called?
- metabolism
- ________ carry impulses toward the cell body.
- Dendrites
- ______________ are considered the protein factory for the cell.
- ribosomes
- The main three layers of the skin are?
-
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous - What is the name of the muscle that gives us goose bumps?
- arrector pili
- What are the sections of the spine and how many bones are in each section?
-
Cervicle - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacrum - 1
Coccyx - 1 - What is the name given to the first vertebrae on the top of the spine?
- atlas (c1)
- A condyle is ____________.
- a small knuckle like process on a bone
- The crest of a bone is ___________.
- a narrow ridge-like projection
- The head of a bone is _______________.
- a rounded process above the neck of the bone
- The ___________ Neurons originate from the periphery and carry onto the Central Nervous System.
- Sensory Afferent
- The _________ Nervous System is the one in which all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord reside.
- Peripheral
- The ___________ Neurons go from the brain to the skeletal muscle.
- Motor Efferent
- __________ are the structural unit of the Nervous System.
- Neurons
- The part of the Neuron that is conductive is the ____________.
- Axon
- The part of the Neuron that is receptive is the ___________.
- Dendrites
- __________ is the clear fluid that nourishes and protects the brain and spinal cord.
- Cerebrospinal Fluid
- The superficial layer of the Meninges is the __________.
- Dura Matter
- The spinal cord begins at ____ and ends at _______.
-
medulla oblongata
L2 - A clot moving in the blood stream is known as _________.
- an embolism
- The _________ is tha largest part of the brain located at the top and front of the head.
- cerebrum
- The main parts of the brain stem are__________.
-
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata - The part of the brain responsible for balance and muscle control is the ___________.
- cerebellum
- The _________ passes between the anterior and middle scalenes.
- brachial plexus
- The Autonomic Nervous System contains ________ and ____________ divisions.
-
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic - The _________ division of the Autonomic Nervous System is used for energy conservation.
- Parasympathetic
- In an emergency, the ______ division of the Autonomic Nervous System increases respiration, heart rate and cardiac rate.
- Sympathetic
- The double-layered membrane that covers the heart is called__________.
- pericardium
- The microscopic thin-walled vessels that use diffusion to exchange gases with the tissues are ____________.
- capillaries
- __________ blood circulation is where the blood flow is out of the left side of the heart to the body and back tot he heart.
- Systemic
- ____________ circulation is where blood flows from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the heart.
- Pulmonary
- The largest vein is the ____________.
- Superior Vena Cava
- Plasma is approximately _____% of blood volume.
- 55
- 99% of the formed elements in blood are the ___________.
- Erythrocytes
- ________ contain red blood cells. ____________ contain white blood cells.
-
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes - The main job of the _______ is to fight infection and prevent hemorrhaging.
- leukocytes
- Red and whit blood cells are formed in the _________.
- red bone marrow
- Inflammation of a vein is called ___________.
- Phlebitis
- Protruding, bulbous, distended superficial veins usually found in the lower legs are called _________.
- varicose veins
- Lymph collected from the majority of the body flows through the _________.
- Thoracic (left) Duct
- The ___________ drains lymph from the right side of the head, neck, chect and right arms.
- Right Lymphatic Duct
- The lymph node located under the armpit is the __________.
- axillary node
- The condition where excess fluid builds up in the interstitial spaces is known as _________.
- edema
- The master gland is the _________.
- pituitary gland
- The _________ glands are located on top of the kidneys.
- adrenal
- The ______ creates insulin.
- pancreas
- ___________ is the exchange of gases.
- Respiration
- The vocal cords are located in the ______.
- larynx
- The air sacs at the end of the bronchial tree are the ________.
- aveoli
- The _______ plane divides the body into left and right sides.
- sagittal
- The _________ plane divides the body into equal left and right sides.
- midsagittal
- The _________plane divides the body into front and back sides.
- frontal or coronal
- The _______ plane divides the body into top and bottom sections.
- transverse or horizontal
- ______ means away from the midline or point of origin.
- distal
- _______ means near the point of origin.
- proximal
- __________ means toward the head.
- superior
- ________ means away from the head or toward the feet.
- inferior
- ________ means situated in front of.
- anterior
- ________ means situated in back of.
- posterior
- The anterior or posterior cavity consists of _________.
-
thoracic cavity
abdominal cavity
pelvic cavity - The subatomic particle found in the nucleus which carries a positive charge is ___________.
- proton
- 96% of the human body is made up of what elements?
-
nitrogen
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen - Molecules are formed by 2 or more _______.
- atoms
- Negatively charges particles orbiting the nucleus are _________.
- electrons
- Non-charges particles found in the nucleus are ________.
- neutrons
- What are the 5 stages of cell mitosis?
-
Interphase - normal state
Prophase - Nuclear membrane disappears
Metaphase - Chromosomes line up
Anaphase - chromosomes separated
Telophase - Cytoplasm divides into 2 cells
(2 cells are back to Interphase) - The most abundant tissue in the body is _________ tissue.
- connective
- _______ tissue binds skin to underlying tissue.
- areolar
- _______ tissue stores energy and provides insulation.
- Adipose
- The primary mineral in bones is _______.
- calcium carbonate
- The loss of bone mass and minerals is called ____________.
- osteoporosis
- _________ is the connective tissue at the end of long bones.
- Articular cartilage
- __________ contains no blood vessels or nerves.
- Cartilage
- Bone growth takes place in the ________.
- epipheseal plate
- ________ is the membrane that surrounds the shaft of long bones.
- Periosteum
- The spongy tissue at the end of long bones is _________.
- epiphysis
- The production of red blood cells is called ________.
- hemopoesis
- ________ are the vertical canals that blood vessels run through within a bone.
- Haversion
- ______ is where blood vessels and nerves penetrate compact bone.
- Volkmann's canal
- The shaft of a long bone is called ________.
- diaphysis
- The medullary cavity is lined with _______.
- endosteum
- There are __ cranial bones.
- 8
- There are ___ facial bones.
- 14
- The only bone in the body that does not articulate with other bones is the ________.
- hyoid
- The hyoid is part of the ___ skeleton.
- axial
- There are ____ axial bones and ___ appendicular bones.
-
80
126 - A lateral curve of the spine is known as ______.
- scoliosis
- ________ is an exaggerated curve of the spine usually in the thoracic region.
- kyphosis (hunch back)
- ________ is an exaggerated curve of the spine usually in the lumbar region.
- lordosis (sway back)
- The end of the tibia is known as the ________.
- medial malleolus
- ___ ribs articulate with the spine.
- All
- There are __ true ribs and __ false ribs.
-
7
5 - C1 & C2 are what type of vertabra?
- cervical
- An accumulation of fatty deposits on the inner walls of the arteries is called___________________.
- atherosclerosis
- The Upper Respiratory System consists of the _____ and ________.
-
nose
pharynx - The dorsal or posterior cavity consist of ________.
-
cranial cavity
vertabral cavity - The junction between two Neurons is know as _______.
- synapse
- The largest artery is the ___________.
- aorta
- What are the shapes of epithelial tissue?
-
squamous - flat
cuboidal - cube-shaped
columnar - tall or rectangular - Who's is considered the father of medicine?
- Hippocrates
- ________ membranes produce a watery substance that acts as a lubricant.These membranes line the body cavities.
- serous
- _________ contain no oxygen, while _________do carry oxygen.
-
arteries
veins - _________ supply blood to the capillaries.
- Arterioles
- __________ membranes produce thick, sticky substances that acts as a protectant and lubricant. They line the surfaces of the digestive and upper respiratory tracts.
- mucous
- The bones in the hand that articulate with the radius are the _______ & _________.
-
scaphoid
lunate - The ________ is the largest tarsal.
- calcaneus
- Immovable joints are know as ___________.
- synarthrosis
- Slightly moveable joints are called _______.
- amphiarthrosis
- The synarthosis joints that are between the occipital and parietal are called __________.
- lamdoidal sutures
- The place where the upper appendicular and the axial skeleton articulate is known as ______________.
- sternoclavicular
- The place where the lower appendicular and the axial skeleton articulate is known as ____________.
- isiosachral
- __________connects bone to bone and _______connects bone to muscle.
-
Ligaments
tendons - The joint in the matacarpal of the thumb is a _____ joint.
- saddle
- Carpals, tarsals, vertegrae and ribs have _________ joints.
- gliding
- Who was the fencing master and gymnastics instructor who is widely considered the father of Swedish massage?
- Per Henrik Ling
- Water used in its three forms (solid, liquid, vapor) in the treatment of disease or trauma is known as _______.
- hydrotherapy
- Contraction of the diphragm is basically for _________.
- inspiration
- The _____________ muscles are synergists in expiration.
- internal intercostals
- The ribs are depressed by which muscles?
- internal intercostals
- The ribs are elevated by which muscles?
- external intercostals
- The _________ muscles rotate the trunk.
- external obliques
- The ___________ muscles form the outer layer of lateral and interior abdominal wall.
- external oliques
- The piriformis _________ and ________ rotates the thigh
-
abducts
laterally - The origin of the upper trapezius is the ________.
- cervical spine
- The insertion of the upper trapezius is the ___________.
- clavicle and acromion
- The origin of the middle of the trapezius is the __________.
- C7 - T5 spinous processes
- The insertion of the middle trapezius is the ___________.
- spine of the scapula
- The origin of hte lower trapezius is the __________.
- T5 - T12 spinous processes
- The insertion of the lower trapezius is the _________.
- spine of the scapula
- The origin of Rhomboid Major is the _______.
- T2- T5 spinous processes
- The insertion of Rhomboid Major is the __________.
- lower vertabral border of the scapula
- The origin of Rhomboid Minor is the ________.
- C7 - T1 spinous processes
- The insertion for Rhomboid Minor is the ____________.
- vertabral border of the spine of the scapula
- Elevation and upward rotation of the scapula is the action of the ____________ muscle.
- trapezius
- The muscles that retract and rotate the scapula downward are the _____ and _________.
- rhomboid major and rhomboid minor
- The origin of the levator scapulae is the ______.
- transverse process C1 - C4
- The insertion of the levator scapulae is the ______________.
- vertebral border of the scapula
- The origin of the pectoralis minor is the __________.
- anterior ribs 3,4,5
- The insertion of the pectoralis minor is the ___________.
- caracoid process
- The origin of the serratus anterior is the __________.
- anterior ribs 1 - 8
- The insertion of the serratus anterior is the _________.
- anterior aspect of the vertebral border of the scapula
- The action of the levator scapulae is to elevate the ________ and to move the neck ___________.
-
scapula
laterally - Forward rotation and depression of the scapula are actions of the ________muscle.
- pectoralis minor
- The ________ muscle stabilizes the scapula and provides upward rotation and protraction of the scapula.
- serratus anterior
- The origin for the clavicular end of the pectoralis major mucle is the ___________.
- clavicular head (medial clavicle)
- The origin for the sternal end of the pectoralis major is the ___________.
- sternum, costal cartilage of ribs 1 - 6
- The insertion for the pectoralis major is the ______________.
- lateral ridge of the bicipital groove
- The action of the ___________ is the adduction, horizontal adduction, medial rotation and flexion of the humerus.
- pectoralis major
- The origin of the coracobrachialis is the ___________.
- coracoid process of the scapula
- The insertion of the coracobrachialis is the ___________.
- medial humerus
- Abduction, flexion and medial rotation (anterior portion), extension and lateral rotation (posterior portion)of the arm are actions of the ________ muscle.
- deltoid
- The origins of the deltiod are the _________.
-
1. lateral, anterior 1/3 of distal clavicle
2.lateral boarder of the acromion
3.scapular spine - The insertion of the deltiod is the __________.
- deltoid tuberosity of humerus
- The origin of the supraspinatus is the ___________.
- supraspinous fossa
- The insertion of the suprapsinatus is the ____________.
- uppermost of three facets of the greater tubercle of humerus
- The actions of the deltoid are __________.
-
1. abducts arm
2. flexion and medial rotation (anterior portion)
3. extension and lateral rotation (posterior portion) - The actions of the supraspinatus are ________.
-
1. abduction of arm (first 15-20°)
2. stabilizes glenohumeral joint - The origin of the infraspinatus is the ___________.
- infraspinous fossa
- The insertion of the infraspinatus is the _________.
- middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
- The actions of the infraspinatus are ___________.
-
1. external rotation of the humerus
2. stabilizes the glenohumeral joint