Nutrition Final Exam
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- About what percent of elderly have nutrition related problems?
- 50%
- What is aging a combination of?
- Lifestyle and natural processes
- What are characteristics of aging?
- Increased fat, Decreased lean muscle
- Are alternate medicines regulated by the FDA?
- No
- What are common problems in elderly?
- Depression and Alcoholism
- In general, how long is a normal prenancy?
- 38-42 weeks
- Characteristics of each trimester?
- 1st: zygote; 2nd: embryo; 3rd: fetus for remainder of pregnancy, gains length and weight
- Total weight gain of pregnant women: Normal weight? Under weight? Over weight?
- 25-35 lbs.; 28-40 lbs.; 15-25 lbs.
- How should exercise during pregnancy be?
- Light
- Vitamin and Mineral needs during pregnancy?
- Folate, Iron, Iodide, Zinc
- True or False: Most women have the physical ability to breastfeed.
- True
- About how much is an infant going to grow in the first year?
- Weight triples, length increases approximately 50%
- When are iron stores depleted?
- 6 months
- Why feed solid food at 6 months?
- To prevent food allergies
- Common food allergies?
- Egg whites, chocolate, peanuts, cow's milk
- Why do preschoolers eat less, picky?
- May be an expression of independence, or simply due to decreased growth rate
- Common nutritional problems in preschoolers?
- Iron deficiency anemia, constipation, cavities, obesity
- What percent of obese kids become obese adults?
- 40-50%
- Anorexia Nervosa
-
Anorexia: loss/denial of appetite
Nervosa: attitude of disgust with body or body image - Common characteristics of Anorexia
- Adolescent white female, middle or upper class, "responsible, meticulous, obedient", family conflicts, expectations, use starvation to express control
- Physical problems with Anorexia
- Decrease body temperature, metabolism, heart rate, immunity, organ function; lose hair; rough, dry, cold skin; nutrient deficiencies
- Bulimia Nervosa
-
Bulimia:great hunger
Nervosa: attitude of disgust with body or body image - Common characteristics of Bulimia
- Teenage or college female, ~normal weight maybe a bit above, frequent eight loss diets then regain weight, impulsive behaviors, usually from disengaged families, much different than anorexics
- Physical problems with Bulimia
- Tooth decay, stomach ulcers, bleeding, acid reflux, nutrient deficiencies: potassium most common and problematic
- Treatment for anorexia and bulimia
- Involves a lot of people
- Female Athlete triad
- Most common in appearance based sports (gymnastics, swimming)
- How many Americans have some type of eating disorder?
- About 5 million
- Aspects of eating disorders
- Emotional, psychological/mental, nutritional, social, genetic?
- Name of high energy molecule
- ATP
- Do carbs automatically increase body fat?
- No
- What sport would you use carb loading for?
- Distance running
- Aerobic vs. Anaerobic
- Aerobic uses oxygen, most sports use both
- Do you get more ATP from fat or carbs when in an aerobic environment?
- Fat
- Why is water needed in all environments, whether hot or cold?
- Cold to prevent hypothermia
- In general, do you have to take supplements as an athlete to be good?
- No
- What supplement will help us use fat? lactic acid?
- Caffeine; sodium bicarbonate
- Is rapid weight loss mostly from fat?
- No. Water, Muscle, Glycogen
- BMI
- Body mass index
- How much of your body weight should be water?
- 50-70%
- Is the RDA of iron the same for men and women?
- No- 8 mg/day for adult male, 18 mg/day for adult female
- Sources of iron?
- Meat/seafood, whole grains, enriched bread, peas, beans
- Source of potassium?
- Bananas
- Function of magnesium?
- Enzyme reactions, potassium and calcium metabolism, proper nerve and cardiac functions, insulin release from the pancreas
- Function of fluoride?
- Helps prevent dental caries, cavities
- Iodide deficiency
- Thyroid gland enlarges (goiter), cretinism, stunting of fetal growth and mental development if mom has decreased intake
- Alcohol
- 7 calories per gram, is a toxin
- Can protein be your main source of calories?
- No
- What are the building blocks of protein?
- Amino acids
- What makes amino acids essential?
- They must come from the diet
- What is the main protein enzyme in the stomach?
- Pepsin
- Protein enzyme in the small intestine?
- Trypsin
- Does nutrition play a role in cancer?
- Yes
- Water soluble vitamins
- Generally lost from the body except for vitamins B6 and B12
- Fat soluble vitamins
- Not readily excreted (except K) A, D, E, K
- Sources of Vitamin E
- Plant oil, seeds, nuts, wheat germ, cereal (especially if fortified or bran)
- Functions of Vitamin C
- Antioxidant, immune functions, iron absorption, synthesis of collagen
- Functions of Vitamin D
- Regulation of blood calcium
- RDA of Vitamin C
- 90 mg/day for males, 75 mg/day for females, +35 mg/day for smokers
- Deficiency of Vitamin C
- Known as scurvy
- 3 monosaccharides?
- Glucose, fructose, galactose
- Diabetes
- The body does not produce or properly use insulin, characterized by elevated blood glucose
- Insulin
- Hormone
- What are good sources of fiber?
- Whole grains, fruits, vegetables
- Essential fatty acids?
- Omega 3 (linolenic), Omega 6 (linoleic)
- Saturated vs. Unsaturated fatty acids
- Saturated has no double bonds, solid
- Cholesterol
- Only found in animal sources
- Why is LDL bad?
- Transports "bad" cholesterol, most abundant
- What makes HDL good?
- Transports "good" cholesterol from the body's cells to the liver for excretion
- Difference between low fat and fat free?
- Fat free= < .5g fat per serving; Low fat= < 3g fat per serving
- What is the correct path of food?
- Mouth>Esophagus>Stomach>etc.
- How do we store energy?
- Fat, glycogen
- What's the most important nutrient?
- Water
- What is % daily value based off of?
- 2000 calorie diet
- Energy calculation
-
__ carbs x 4 kcal/g =__kcal
__fat x 9 kcal/g=__kcal
__protein x 4 kcal/g=__kcal - What is the site of enzyme production?
- Pancreas
- What is the main organ of the excretory system?
- Kidneys
- Lymphatic system carries around what macronutrients?
- Fats, lipids
- Digestion and Absorption take place where?
- Small Intestine