Music 151 test !
Terms
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- Accompaniment
- Performing with another performer or performers, usually in a less prominent role (generally the R-Section, bass, piano and drums)
- Arco
- The technique of playing upright Bass with a bow
- Ballad
- A simple song, usually romantic in nature that uses the same melody for each stanza
- Big-Band
- an ensemble of ten or more players
- Blue note
- A pitch somewhere between a major third and a minor third (a bent note)
- Bridge
- The name given to the third 8-bar section in the most common form, AABA.. Also known as the B section, in AABA.
- Call and Response
- musical pattern common to much jazz and African music in which a "call", is usually followed by a solo singer or instrumentalist, is then followed by a response from one instrument, an ensemble, or the assembled participants in a religious ceremony, the congregation may respond to the call of the preacher.
- Chord
- The simultaneous sounding of three or more tones
- Chord Changes
- A series of successive chords; also called a chord progression
- Chorus
- The main body or refrain of a song as distinct from the verse, which comes first. Very often an arrangement contains many choruses played by individual instrumentalists.
- Collective improvisation
- situation where all members of a small group improvise simultaneously.
- Combo
- A small instrumental group consisting of 3 to 7 players
- Comping
- The rhythmic pattern used by a keyboard or guitar as they accompany soloists.
- Pizzicato
- method of plucking the string rather than bowing
- Repetition
- Presentation of the same musical material in two or more parts of a composition.
- Ride-Cymbal
- The cymbal suspended over a drum set, usually to the player’s right, struck by a stick held in the drummer’s right hand. Used for playing timekeeping patterns called ride rhythms.
- Riff
- A short pattern of sounds repeated and played by a soloist or group
- Samba
- dance of Brazilian and African origin. It has a two-beat feel (or duple beat), which creates a lively tempo.
- Scat Singing
-
The use of nonsense syllables while improvising vocally.
Swing - The feeling projected by a jazz performance, which successfully combines constant tempo, syncopation, swing eighth notes, rhythmic lilt, liveliness and rhythmically cohesive group playing. - Swing
- The feeling projected by a jazz performance, which successfully combines constant tempo, syncopation, swing eighth notes, rhythmic lilt, liveliness and rhythmically cohesive group playing.
- Syncopation
- Accenting a normally weak beat or the weak part of a beat (accenting just before or just after a beat).
- Tempo
- to the speed of the underlying beat. The speed is determined by the number of beats counted over the span of sixty seconds.
- Two-Beat Style
- A rhythm section style that emphasizes the first and third beats of each four-beat measure, often leaving the second and fourth beats silent in the bass; sometimes called boom-chick style.
- Contrast
- The introduction of new material
- Double-Time
- when the music gives you a sense of moving twice as fast
- Ensemble
- collection of various instrumentalists that will vary in size
- Form
- denotes the order of things to come (i.e. 12 bar blues form, AABA song form, Through composed form).
- Harmony
-
musical combination of tones and chords or fundamental chords to a key
Head arrangement-- a band arrangement that was created extemporaneously by the musicians and is not written down - Head arrangement
- a band arrangement that was created extemporaneously by the musicians and is not written down
- Hi-Hat
- the sock cymbal makes "chick-chick" sound
- Horn
- general label for any wind instrument
- Improvisation
- to perform and compose at the same time
- Intonation
- to match a pitch (i.e. in tune or out of tune)
- Jam-session
- a musical get-together where improvisation is stressed and prewritten music is rare
- Laid back
- an adjective used to describe a feeling of relaxation, slowness, or laziness, when a performer plays the music a little later than expected
- Lick
- a phrase or a fragment of music
- Measure
- unit of time or a metrical unit in a composition
- Meter
- type of group (of beats) arranged in groups of 3, 4, 5, etc..
- Rhythm-Section
- a group of players whose job is to accompany
- Rhythm
- arrangement of sound in time: it encompasses beat, tempo, and meter
- Stop-Time
- when the accompaniment stops or breaks up the existing time
- Vibrato
- The pulsating effect produced by small, rapid variations in pitch. Most jazz uses vibrato for warmth and interpretation in imitating the human voice.
- Walking Bass
- The bass part that was originally introduced in boogie-woogie in ostinato form. It concisely spells out the notes in the chords being used and is usually played in eighth notes