History
Terms
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- Dynasty
- succession or rulers who belong to the same family for generations. The last dynasty in China was the Qing Dynasty. It was overthrown in 1911 after over 250 years of rule.
- Northern Expedition
- In 1926, Chiang Kai Shek was given command of a GMD military expedition to the north to crush the warlords and unify china. It departed for Guangzhou on july 9. Halfway through the expedition, Chiang decided the communists were growing to strong and once in Shanghai, the GMD killed over 85% of them.
- partition
- The act of process of dividing something. In 1937 the Peel comission recommended to the British to end the mandate and partition Palestine into separate Jewish Arab and British States.
- Warlord
- Military leaders who controlled provinces of China by force of arms eg Feng Yuxiang who seized Beijing in 1984. In 1926, Chiang led the Northern Expedition to rid China of Warlords (Northern Expedition)
- anti-semitism
- anti-jewish behaviour. Can take the form of prejudice, discrimination and persecution. The biggest case has been the Holocaust, organised by hitler.
- pogrom
- an attack on the Jewish people, eg in Russia 1881 following the assassination of Tsar Alexander II after rumours of Jewish involvement led to mobs around Russia attacking Jews and destroying their Property
- 1939 British White Paper
- a paper issued by the British government in which the idea of partioning the Mandate for Palestine was abandaned in favour of an independent Palestine governed by Arabs and limiting jewish immigration to 15,00 a year for 5 years.
- Theodor Herzl
- Established the Zionists in 1897 with an aim to reclaim the promised land of Palestine for the Jews. He encouraged all Jewish people to support the movement.
- Empress Dowager
- The only women to gain political power durinf the Qing Dynasty. She had the only child of emperor Xianfeng in suspicious circumstances. She was hated by the majority of chinese
- Baron Edmond de Rothschild
- an incredibly wealthy French Jew man who was a philanthropist and strong supporter of the Zionist movement. He donated a large amount of his fortune to the Zionist cause
- republic
- System of government in which a president is head of state. China was announced a republic in 1911, and after the civil war Mao Zedong and the CCP established the peoples republic of China.
- guerilla warfare
- war carried on by people who are not trained soldiers and do not wear uniform. Ambush is more common than fixed battle. Mao adopted guerilla warfare for the red army's tactics during the civil war and on the long March against the GMD
- zionist
- a jew or any other person who is in support of the Jewish movement in Israel. A Zionist can send money in support, such as wealthy French Jew Edmond de Rothschild
- Sun Yatsen
- The first great revolutionary leader in 20th century China who founded the ALliance League in 1905. The League aimed to overthrow the Qing to make china a republic, get rid of foreign powers and distribute land to peasants. He created the three principles of the people, Nationalism, Socialism and Democracy. After the Revolution, he returned from overseas to lead china, however failed to leaed successfully. He handed power to Yuan Shikai.
- Mandate
- permission to rule. Was granted to Britain by the league of nations in 1920 to rule Palestine.
- Six Day War
- 1967 Nasser wanted to build up his power and position in Egypt and the arab world. He began to threaten Israel. Israel attacked Egypt, Syria and Jordan and won in 6 Days. The Israelis gained much land through winning the 6 day war.
- moshav
- an Israeli farming community where the Jewish inhabitants own their own land however share the machinery and labour.
- Balfour Declaration
- A statement issued by the British Government on Nov 2 1917 which promised the establishment of a national home for the Jews in Palestine, without prejudice to the non-jewish communities. The british promised similiar thing to the Arabs, through Lawrence of Arabia, both to gain support in the war. Britain failed to follow through the flawed promises.
- kibbutz
- an Israeli farming community run and inhabited by the Jews, in which everything from land to labour is shared.
- Xi'an Incident
- Occured in december 1936, CHian was kidnapped by warlord Zhang Xueliang. China responded against the kidnapping, which led to his release. The CCP had firstly planned to shoot him
- GMD
- China's Nationalist party. It was formed from Sun Yat-sen Alliance league. Chiang Kai Shek took leadership on the Northern expedition, and soon after took leadership over the whole party in 1926. The GMD were defeated by the CCP in 1949 and are currently based in taiwan