Gross Anatomy- Neck
Terms
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Name the number of cervical spinal bones.
Which are atypical?
What is unique to this region? -
C1-C7
C1 and C2
Transverse foramen and bifid spinous process -
How many cervical spinal nerves are there?
What vertebra has the longest spinous process? -
8
C7 -
Describe characteristics of C1
Describe characteristics of C2 -
C1 is the ATLAS vertebra. It has neither a body or spinous process
C2 is the AXIS vertebra. No disc exists between 2 vertebra -
In what motion does the Atlas move?
Where does it articulate?
What is this joint called -
Cervical flexion/extension
Occipital condyles
Atlanto-occipital joint
"Yes" motion - Name the three ligaments that contribute to atlanto-occipital stability
- Alar ligament, cruciform ligament, and transverse ligament
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How does C2 attach with C1?
What motion does C2 create? -
The DENS are a superior projection interacting with the Atlas. Atlanto-axis joint.
Rotation. "No" vertebra -
Where is hyoid bone located?
Name three components of bone -
Anterior portion of neck at C3-C4 region
Body, greater horn, and lesser horn -
Where is the attachment of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Where is the SCM insertion?
What nerve innervates this area? -
Attaches at mastoid process
Inserts at Clavicle and Manubrium
The accessory nerve (CN XI) -
Where is the Trapezius' attachments?
Where are the Trapezius' insertions?
What nerve innervates the Trap. -
scapula spine and clavicle
Spinous processes and on skull
Accessory Nerve -
Name the three types of Scalenes
Where do they insert and attach?
Where is phrenic nerve located compared to scalenes? -
Posterior, middle, anterior
From cervical vertebra to 1st and 2nd rib
Across the anterior scalene -
Name two muscles innervated by C1-C3 region of ansa cervicalis
What supplies innervation to sternothyroid?
What nerve innervates Thyrohyoid? -
Sternohyoid and Omohyoid muscles
C2 and C3
C1 -
What does thyrohyoid do
What is this group of muscles called? -
Depresses hyoid during swallowing
Infrahyoid muscles -
Name the 4 suprahyoid muscles
What innervates each? - Mylohyoid (CN V3), geniohyoid (C1 via CN XII), stylohyoid (CN VII), digastric (anterior and posterior belly--[facial nerve]
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What does the Superficial fascia layer consist of?
What are the three Deep Cervical fascia and their components -
Platysma, vessels, and nerves
1. Investing Layer: SCM and Trapezius
2. Pretracheal layer: Muscular and visceral layer
3. Prevertebral layer: between muscles and cervical region. Retropharyngeal space - Describe the four nerves of the cervical plexus and where they originate
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1. Lesser occipital (C1)
2. Greater auricular (C2-3)
3. Transverse cervical (C2-3)
4. Supraclavicular (C3-4) -
What is the looped formed from C1, C2 and C3
What is the function of this loop?
What provides motorized innervation to the tongue -
Ansa cervicalis
Innervation to the infrahyoid muscles
CN XII. The hypoglossal nerve -
What are the boundaries of the Posterior Triangle?
Name components of Post. Triangle -
SCM, Trapezius and Clavicle
External Jugular artery, cervical plexus, cervical artery, cervical lymph, Subclavian artery and vein, supracaspular artery -
What are the boundaries of the Ant. triangle?
What are the boundries of the paired muscular triangle?
What are the components of the muscular triangle -
Median line of neck, anterior portion of SCM, and inferior border of mandible
Omohyoid muscle, SCM and Midline of neck
Sternothyroid, sternohyoid, thyroid, and parathyroid -
What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?
Name the 8 contents of the carotid triangle? -
SCM, superior omohyoid, posterior digastric
Carotid sheath, external carotid artery, hypoglossal nerve, ansa cervicalis, CN XI, thyroid, larynx, pharynx -
What are the borders of the mandibular triangle?
What are the 5 contents? -
Anterior and posterior digastric and mandible
Submandibular gland, CN XII, submandibular lymph nodes, mylohyoid, facial artery and vein