SS Final
Terms
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- Astronomical Islamic Achievements
- Determined the positions of stars, the movement of planets and time.
- Mathematical Islamic Achievements
- Arabic numbers (1-9), the concept of 0, the invention of algebra and their work in geometry led to the development of trigonometry
- Islamic Achievements:
- Mathematics, Astronomy, Geography, Chemistry, Medicine, Art, Architecture, Literature, Philosophy, History, House of Wisdom
- Roles of Women in Islam
- Ownership of property, the womens lives revolved around the family, made contributions to arts & poetry and could be rulers
- Shiite Muslims
- Believe that only descendants of Muhammad can interpret the Koran & can be caliph
- Geographical Islamic Achievements
- Muslim geographers made outlines of Asia, Europe & North America. They also produced maps of the Eastern hemisphere.
- Medical Islamic Achievements
- The Canon of Medicine, a book that summarized all the medical knowledge of that time. It described the function of organs and offered diagnosis and treatments for many diseases
- Chemical Islamic Achievements
- Developed alchemy (making things into gold) and methods along with equipments still being used today
- Roles of Men in Islam
- Could be in politics, could take public baths, played chess, practiced gymnastics, could enter mosque schools at the age of 7
- Sunni Muslims
- Believe Islamic religious authority changes hands as the caliph changes
- Islamic Achievements in Art
- Muslim scholars discouraged artists from making images or pictures of living creatures, instead they used calligraphy
- Islamic Achievements in Architecture
- Mosques
- Islamic achievements in Literature
- Were mostly poems that were passed down from each generation to the next
- Philosophical Islamic achievements
- Believed that religious truths could be analyzed & defended with logic. They tried to reconcile the Quran with Greek Philosophy
- Historical Islamic achievements
- Traced their origins through historical events and were interested in writing history
- The House of Wisdom
- Research center that specialized in translating Greek to Arabic .
- Calligraphy
- Elegant art of handwriting
- Chronicles
- accounts in which events are arranged in the order which they occurred
- Arabic Numerals
- Counting numbers, (0-9)
- Mosque
- Muslim home of worship
- Hajj
- Pilgrimage to Makkah that every muslim is expected to make atleast once
- Iman
- Muslim prayer leader (like a priest)
- Caliph
- Supreme leader, successor of Muhammad
- 5 Pillars of Islam
- Fasting, Faith, Pilgrimage, Alms, Prayer
- Muhammad
- Was visited by the angel Gabriel to preach Islam. Preaches: One true god Equality to all those who believe was driven out of Mecca and ran to MedinA
- Umayyad Dynasty
- Moved capital to Damascus Non-Arab muslims, jews & Christians are welcomed and tolerated
- Abbasid Dynasty
- Made all muslims equal Height during 800-900 AD Arabic was spoken everywhere Arabic numerals were invented during this dynasty