Social Studies Exam
Terms
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- George Washington
- head of a new colonial army
- popular sovereignty
- idea that government recieves its powers from the people
- separation of powers
- power should be divided equally among government
- Galileo
- theories= gravity, he improved the clock and the telescope, invented water theremometer, air pressure, and he was condemed by the Catholic Church
- representative government
- which people elect representatives to make laws and conduct government
- John Cabot
- landed on Newfoundland and went to Canada but did not find a way to America; he disappeared
- Copernicus
- beileved the sun was the center of the universe
- absolutism
- kings and queens rule; many thinkers favored limits on government
- Thomas Jefferson
- wrote the Declaration of Independence
- Ptolemy
- stated the sun a planets moved around the Earth in circular paths
- Magellan
- finished what Columbus set out to do his crew was the first to sail around the world
- Jaques Cartier
- Frenchman who entered St. Lawrence River
- invest
- to put money into a project
- Baron Montesquieu
- French thinker; published "The Spirit of Laws"
- Francis Bacon
- developed the scientific method
- William Harvey
- idea= blood flowed through the human body
- social contract
- an agreement between rulers and the people
- scientific method
- orderly way of collecting and analyzing evidence
- Christopher Columbus
- navigator who planned to get to Asia by crossing the Atlantic ocean
- Rousseau
- believed people relied too much on reason and that they should pay more attention to their feelings
- Andreas Vesalius
- dissected dead human bodies for research he was a Flemish doctor
- limited government
- idea that government may use only those powers given to it by the people
- Thomas Hobbes
- wrote about English government and society
- colony
- settlement of people living in a new territory controlled by their home country
- Rene` Descartes
- founder of rationalism, one of the most important scientific thinkers
- deism
- religios belief based on reason
- Issac Newton
- mathematician, made gravity laws and the laws of motion
- Commerce
- the buying or selling of goods in large amounts over long distances
- Johannes Kepler
- believed that planets moved in oval paths
- Voltaire
- greatest thinker; strong dislike of the Catholic Church
- rationalism
- reason is the cheif source of knowledge
- natural law
- law applied to everyone and could be understood by reason
- Vasco da Gama
- rounded the tip of Africa and landed on India's coast
- pilgrim
- group of Puritans who decided to go to America so they could worship freely
- Tom Paine
- wrote a pamphlet called Common Sense that urged colonists to seperate from Great Britian
- Robert Hooke
- discovered cells
- export
- to sell to other countries
- hypothesis
- explantion of the facts
- Mary Wollstonecraft
- supporter of women's rights
- Denis Diderot
- did the most to spread ideas
- Robert Boyle
- idea= air is made of gases
- John Locke
- used natural law to make government answerable to people
- mercantilism
- idea that a country gains power by building up its supply of gold and silver
- constitution
- written plans of government
- Antoine Lavoisier
- idea= how materials nedd oxygen to burn
- Galen
- ancient Greek physician