COGNITIVE123
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- Wundt used the method of INTROSPECTION. What is introspection?
- monitoring and reporting one's own mental processes
- What are three assumptions of cognitive psychology?
- 1.mental processis exist and they are key to understanding the human mind 2.mental processes can be studied scientifically 3.humans are active informantion processors
- definition of cognition
- the collection of mental processes and activities used in perceiving, remembering, thinking, and understanding, as well as the act of using those processes
- 2,400 years ago WHO began to adress question as how the mind works
- Ancient Greek Philosophers
- Their answers were generally incorrect but their approach has persisted in the form of assumptions such as.... (3 things)
- 1.world works in systematic,predictable ways 2.humans are part of the physical world 3.explanations of physical events in the world should rely on other physical events, not on non-physical events
- At what time period was the Renaissance?
- "Rebirth"~13th through 17th centuries
- What three ideas of "Rebirth"?
- 1.world is predictable and can be understood 2.explanations must be of physical nature 3.pursuit of knowledge is a worthwhile endeavor in and of itself
- What is the idea of the birth of modern science?
- that knowledge must be pursued through observation rather than reasoning and logic alone
- What are the four psychologist the are of particular interest in cognitive psychology?
- Wilhelm Wundt Edward Titchener Hermann von Ebbinghaus William James
- Name four things Wilhelm Wundt did?
- 1.started a psychology laboratory 2.wrote books 3.started journals 4.trained students
- (Next 2 cards-Wundt) what did he study?
- immediate experience, untainted by preexisting knowledge
- Who studied STRUCTURALISM and describe this method.
- Titchener. emphasis is on the structure of the mind. The goal was to describe the basic elements of the mind.
- Who used the method of FUNCTIONALISM and describe.
- William James. emphasis is on how the mind functions. the goal was to describe the functions of the mind and how it interacts with the environment
- HERMANN VON EBBINGHAUS was a contemporary of Wundt. What did he introduce?
- objective method to study memory: 'savings in learning'
- What is behaviorism and who used this method?
- Watson. the scientific study of observable behavior
- Behaviorism-Watson a.Basic unit of behavior? b.study only what? c.what cannot be studied scientifically? d.what is Tabula rasa("blank slate")?
- a.reflex b.environment-behavior relations c.internal processes d.all behavior is learned
- What are four examples of dissatisfaction with behaviorism?
- 1.Tabula Rasa idea fell apart 2.WWII:practical applications 3.Noam Chomsky: linguistics 4.Smith (1947)
- 1960 to current, cognitive psychology viewed the mind as a what?
- information processer
- What is the computer metaphor?
- a computer is similar to the human mind
- (CHAPTER 2) One early assumption was the PROCESS MODEL. What are two ideas of this.
- 1.processing of information consists of sequential stages -info>short-term store (response,info)>long-term store 2.these stages do not overlap in time
- Give 2 examples of a PROCESS MODEL.
- 1.Donders' subtractive method. 2.Reading a word (apple)
- Two new insights?
- 1.Parallel processing 2.Top-down processing
- What is parallel processing?
- processing does not occur in a strictly serial fashion
- What is Top-down processing?
- higher stages of processing aid lower stages of processing. e.g.- 'the cat'
- All of cognitive psychology's research is not based solely on reaction time (RT) but also _____.
- accuracy
- describe TREISMAN AND GELADE'S Feature Integration Theory.
- visual search for a dimension occurs in a parallel across the entire region of visual attention. involves detection of simple, visual features.
- definition of RT
- measure of time elapsed between some stimulus and the person's response to a stimulus
- Name different ways to 'look' at the brain
- lesions, direct stimulation, electrophysiology, EEG, ERP, MRI,fMRI, PET, TMS
- What's another research method?
- MODELING