science chapter 8 vocab
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- Archimedes' principle
- the greek mathematician Archimedes stated that the buoyant force on an object is a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced bye the object.
- bermoulli's principle
- the swiss scientist daniel bernoulli stated that as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases.
- boyle's law
- british scientist robert boyle stated that the volume of a gas decreases when the pressure increases, provided the temperature stays the same.
- buoyant force
- ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object inersed in the fluid.
- charle's law
- french scientist jacques charles stated that the volume of a gas increases when the temperature increases, provided the pressure stays the same.
- condensation
- the change of a substance from a gas to a liquid, which usually takes place when a gas is cooled to or below its boiling point.
- crystal
- in most solids, the arangements of particles in repeating geometric patterns
- evaporation
- the gradual change of a substance from a liquid to a gas at temperature below the boiling point.
- heat of fusion
- the amount of energy needed to change a material from the solid state to the liquid state.
- heat of vaporization
- the amount of evergy needed to change a liquid to a gas.
- kinetic theory of matter
- the idea that all matter is made up of constantly moving, tiny particles.
- pascal
- the SI unit of pressure.
- pascal's principle
- french scientist blaise pascal stated that pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted unchanged through the liquid.
- plasma
- a gaslike mixture of charged and negatively charged particles that exists at extremly high temperatures.
- polluted water
- water that contains high levels of unwanted substances that may be harmful to living things.
- pressure
- the amount ot force exited per unit of area.
- states of matter
- any of the four conditions in which matter can exist
- thermal expanstion
- a characteristic of all matter that causes it to expand when heated, and contract when cooled.
- thermal pollution
- pouution caused when wasts heat rises the temperature of the environment
- ventri effect
- reduction in pressure of a fluid resulting from the speed increase as fluids are forced to flow faster through narrow spaces.