Social Studies Unit 3
Terms
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- learning
- a change in bahavior caused by experince
- response
- in conditioning, an action caused by a stimulus
- psychologists
- a social scienists who studies the way the human mind works
- super ego
- part of the human personality according to Freud; teaching of society concerning right and wrong
- defense mechanism
- an unconsious way of protecting oneself from emotional pain and phyisical harm, according to Sigmund Freud; defense mechanism include projection, repression, denial, and rationalization
- positive reinforcement
- a reward given by the experimenter to the subject in operant conditioning after the subject performsan action desired by the experimenter
- operant conditioning
- the process of training a subject to perform a certain action by rewarding the subject when it performs the correct response
- observation
- the act of carefully watching and writting down facts and events
- conditioned response
- a response that the subject is trained to do
- unconditioned response
- a response that the subject performs naturally, without being trained to do it
- heredity
- the passing of characteristics from parents to children through the process of reproduction
- rationalization
- a defense mechanism in which a person makes an excuse that is not the real reason for the action
- repression
- a defense mechanism in which a personputs painful memories out of his or her mind
- trial-and-error learning
- a method of learning by trying differeent ways of solving a problem until one works
- enviroment
- a persons surroundings, including people, places, and things; the nonhereditiary part of a persons personality
- social psycholoigist
- a social scientist who studies how individuals behave in a group
- analysis
- the breaking up of an event or fact into smaller pieces in order to study it more closely
- creativity
- the ability to see, think, or do things in many different ways
- classical conditioning
- the pairing of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus in such a way that they become identified in a subject's mind and produce the same response
- needs
- what humans require for basic survival and living needs
- behavioral science
- the study of the human behavior; Psychology, Anthrpology, and Sociology
- adaptation
- change in behavior to meet the needs of a changing environment
- shaping
- a psychological technique used in training animals
- denial
- a defense mechanism in which a person refuses to believe something even if it is obvious
- i.d.
- one of the three parts of the human personality, according to Sigmund Freud; the id represents the individual's most basic drives for food, water, survival, and pleasure
- inkblot test
- a psychological test in which patients describe what they see in general shapes made on paper wiht ink
- ego
- the strongest part of the human personality; helps a person be realistic and balances the id and superego
- personality
- the "inner you"; the combination of experiance patterns, hereditary factors, and environmental factors that make every human being a unique individual
- projection
- a defense mechanism in which one's faults are shifted to someone else
- psychology
- comes from a the Greek words meaning "the study of the mind"
- experience pattern
- a pattern of learning that consist of five steps: perception, conceptualization, thoughts, actions, and reaction.
- developmental psychologist
- a social scientist who studies the many changes we go through as we grow
- stimulus
- in conditioning, something that causes a response
- self-actualization
- the last step in Dr. Maslows ladder of human needs; the process of trying to be the best person you can be
- negative reinforcement
- a punishment iven by the experimenter to the subject in operant conditioning after the subject performs an action that the experimenter does not desire
- emotions
- feeling such as hate, love and anger.
- unconsious needs
- those needs of which we are not aware
- perception
- the process of taking in info from the invironment through the senses
- positive mental attitude
- thinking and believing that you really can do something you want to do
- experimental psychologist
- a social scientist who study behavior of animals in a laboratory settings
- conscious needs
- the needs in which we are aware of
- mental set
- an expectation of how something should or will be