Anthropology Exam 3
Terms
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- polyandry
- marriage of a woman to two or more men at one time; a form of polygamy
- affinal kin
- people related through marriage
- kindred
- an individual's close blood relatives on the maternal and paternal sides of his or her family
- exogamy
- marriage outside the group
- marriage
- a culturally sanctioned union between two or more people that establishes certain rights and obligations between the people, between them and their children, and between them and their in-laws. Such marriage rights and obligations most often include, but are not limited to, sex, labor, property, child rearing, exchange, and status
- posthumous distribution
- distribution of the belongings of the departed after their death
- household
- a unit of production, distribution and economic consumption
- fictive marriage
- marriage by proxy to the symbols of someone and not physically present to establish the social status of a spouse and heirs
- social mobility
- upward or downward change in one's social class position in a stratified society
- consanguineal kin
- biologically related relatives, commonly referred to as blood relatives
- totemism
- mascot
- crow kinship system
- matrilineal, divorce is a piece of cake, female empowerment
- sororate
- sisterhood involved marriage
- monogamy
- marriage in which both partners have just one spouse
- clan
- an extended unilineal kinship group, often consisting of several lineages, whose members claim common descent from a remote ancestor, usually legendary or mythological
- kinship
- a network of relatives within which individuals possess certain mutual rights and obligations
- group marriage
- marriage in which several men and women have sexual access to one another; also called co-marriage
- fission
- when a lineage splits
- incest taboo
- the prohibition of sexual contact between certain close relatives, usually parent and child and sibling relations at a minimum
- polygyny
- marriage of a man to two or more women at the same time; a form of polygamy
- avunculocal residence
- a cultural norm in which a married couple move in with the husband's mother's brother
- hawaiian kinship system
- same generation, same sex, same term (aunt = mom, uncle = dad)
- Levi-Strauss
- a structuralist who studied kinship systems
- omaha kinship system
- male driven system, hunting societies, polygynous, stigma on divorce
- stratified societies
- societies in which people are hierarchically divided and ranked into social strata, or layers, and do not share equally in basic resources that support survival, influence, and prestige
- eskimo kinship system
- neolocal, small families, mobility, nuclear, sometimes practice fanticide and eldercide
- serial monogamy
- a marriage form in which an individual marries of lives with a series of partners in succession
- bride service
- a designated period of time after marriage when the groom works for the bride's family
- patrilocal residence
- a residence pattern in which a married couple lives in the husband's father's place of residence
- polygamy
- one individual having multiple spouses at the same time; from the greek words poly (many) and gamous (marriage)
- ambilocal residence
- a residence pattern in which a married couple may choose either matrilocal or patrilocal residence
- neolocal residence
- a pattern in which a married couple establish their household in a location apart from either the husband's or the wife's relatives
- groups that are non-family...
- have to do with sex, age, and common interests
- moiety
- dividing into two ancestral groups
- egalitarian societies
- societies in which everyone has about equal rank, access to, and power over basic resources
- fratry
- two or more clans
- lineage
- a unilineal kinship group descended from a common ancestor or founder who lived four to six generations ago, and in which relationships among members can be exactly stated in geneaogical terms
- endogamy
- marriage within a particular group or category of individuals
- parallel cousin
- child of a father's brother or a mother's sister
- bride-price
- money or valuable goods paid by the groom or his family to the bride's family upon marriage; also called bride wealth
- dowry
- payment of a woman's inheritance at the time of her marriage, either to her or to her husband
- cross cousin
- child of a mother's brother or a father's sister
- leverate
- brotherhood involved marriage
- social class
- a category of individuals in a stratified society who enjoy equal or nearly equal prestige according to the system of evaluation
- caste
- a closed social class in a stratified society in which membership is determined by birth and fixed for life
- patrilineal descent
- descent traced exclusively through the male line to establish group membership
- nuclear families
- two sets of nuclear families living and co-operating in the same area
- matrilocal residence
- a residence pattern in which a married couple lives in the wife's mother's place of residence
- matrilineal descent
- descent traced exclusively through the female line to establish group membership