World History Ch. 3 1200-300BCE
Terms
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- Satrapy
- Satrapies were provinces into which the Persian Empire was organized. Medes was the first satrapy. There existed 20 satrapies at the height of Persian power; each satrapy was ruled by a governor that could not gain too much power, as in each province there was also a military official.
- The Royal Road
- Was a 1600 mile road that took 3 months to travel. There were 111 stations along the way. The Royal Road helped to unify the kingdom together and spurred Persian trade with most of Western Asia.
- Pericles
- Leader of Athens. Under Pericles' guidance, Athens became the richest and most powerful Greek city state and the capital of intellectual and artistic creativity.
- Cyrus the Great
- Chief of the Persian tribes who defeated the Medes. Cyrus conquered Anatolia on the coast of Asia Minor in 546 BCE.
- Darius
- Led Persians to an era of peace and prosperity know as Pax Archaemenica. Also instituted a uniform system of coinage, standard weights and measures, a postal service, a calendar from Egypt, and a law code.
- Xerxes
- Successor of Darius. Led Persia in Persian and Peloponnesian Wars.
- Solon
- Was a chief archon who broke the aristocratic monopoly of governmental authority through his reforms.
- Solon's reforms
- Solon canceled debts, forbade debt bondage, and recalled citizens sold into slavery outside of Attica. By widening the jurisdiction of juries of citizens, Solon broke the aristocratic monopolu of governmental authority.
- Herodotus
- Known as the father of history. Disputed the entire account of the origins of the Trojan War.
- Thuclydides
- Known as the father of scientific history. Doubted Homer's account of the Trojan War, as he believed women were not important enough to have caused a war.
- city-state
- A sovereign state consisting of an independent city and its surrounding territory.
- Polis
- An ancient-Greek city state.
- Helot
- Messenian semislaves of Spartan overlords.
- Hoplite
- Heavily armed ancient Greek infantry soldiers in phalanx position
- Phalanx
- A formation of infantry carrying overlapping shields and long spears
- Athenian democracy
- Democracy in which all free male landowners had a say in government. Was opposite to the Spartan authortative form of government.
- Olmec Colossal Heads
- Mysterious sculpted stone heads placed on elevated mounds. No one knows what they were used for.
- Antigone
- A tragedy by Sophocles.
- The Republic
- A dialogue between two men, written by Plato. Plato denounces democracy in this dialogue.
- Chavin
- Early Peruvian American Indian culture.