LIFE SCIENCE 1.3
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Summarize the history of taxonomy.
-
Dates back to the origin of human language. Western scientific taxonomy
started in Greek a hundred years BC and are here divided into prelinnaean and postlinnaean. - Explain the use of binomial nomenclature.
- The two-part Latin names distinguish these different species of organisms yet also show that all organisms are similar to each other. Like all maple trees for example.
- Describe how the science of taxonomy supports God's unlimited power and creativity.
- Taxonomy gives Christians a glimpse of the power and creativity God used to breathe life into His world.
- binomial nomenclature
- the two-part scientific naming system
- taxonomy
- the scientific classification of organisms
- What is the ladder of life?
-
Mammals
Vertebrates
Invertebrates
Plants
Nonliving things - Psalm 24: 1-2
- "The earth is the Lord's and everything in it, the world, and all who live in it; for He founded it on the seas and established it on the waters"
- Who was the first scientist to organize living and nonliving things into categories?
- Aristotle-Greek philosopher
- Aristotle's ladder of life was restructured and called what?
- The Great Chain of Being-started with Earth's lowest life-forms, moved up to humans, and ended with spiritual beings such as angels.
- Who created a workable system for classifying plants and animals?
- The Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus.
- Linnaeus set up two large categories to classify all living things: one for plants and one for animals called?
-
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia - Name 3 scientists who influenced taxonomy.
-
Aristotle
Carolus Linnaeus
Robert H. Whittaker - Who proposed a five-kingdom system to separate all of these various types of organisms into their own kingdoms: animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, and protists?
- Robert H. Whittaker
- Why should a Christian study taxonomy?
- Learning about taxonomy can help you better appreciate the wide variety of marvelous creatures that God placed on Earth.
- How did technology change taxonomy?
-
Taxonomists have organized organisms into 3 domains-Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya - List the 8 taxonomic categories in proper order.
-
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species - State the 3 domains and the 6 major kingdoms.
-
The 3 domains...
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
6 Major Kingdoms...
Archaea-kingdom Archaea
Eukarya-kingdoms Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista
- Kingdom Animalia
- Contains all the animals, both vertebrates and invertebrates
- Kingdom Fungi
- Contains all fungus, nongreen organisms that reproduce from spores and absorb their food.
- Kingdom Protista
- Contains organisms that have a nucleus that are not animals, plants, fungi, or bacteria. Uncellular.
- Explain Viruses.
-
Viruses such as Influenza, Polio, Ebola, and HIV
Viruses can reproduce and grow but only when they are inside a host cell.
Viruses are made of proteins rather than cells. - Why might taxonomists want to recognize a new kingdom?
- Because some scientists consider viruses to be unusual life-forms, but others disagree.
- archaea
- a prokaryotic unicellular organism belonging to domain Archaea
- bacteria
- a prokaryotic unicellular organism belonging to domain Bacteria
- prokaryote
- a unicellular microorganism that lacks a distinct nucleus
- Neisseria meningitides
- is a eubacteria responsible for causing meningitis, with affects the brain and spinal column in humans
- Cyanobacteria
- sometimes called blue-green algae
- E.coli
- bacteria is commonly found in the human intestinal tract
- Bacteriologists
- scientists who study bacteria
- How do bacteria help ecosystems?
- They decompose dead materials by recycling nitrogen, phosphorus, and other valuable nutrients back into an ecosystem.
- eukaryote
- an organism composed of one or more cells containing a visible nucleus
- lichen
- an organism formed by a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and an alga or a cyanobacterium
- protist
- a eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as a fungi, a plant, or an animal
- Zoologist
- a scientist who studies animals
- Botanists
-
a scientist who studies plants
Use the word division instead of the word phylum in the classification system - Divisions Bryophyta and Hepaticophyta
- Mosses and liverworts
- Division Filicinophyta
- Ferns
- Division Coniferophyta
- Evergreens with needlelike leaves
- Division Angiospermophyta
- Daisies, roses, apple trees, corn oak trees, and grasses
- Division Ginkgophyta
- ginkgo tree
- air bladder
- an air-filled bladder or sac found in certain animals and plants
- antibiotic
- a drug used to kill harmful bacteria
- autotroph
- an organism that makes its own food
- bacteriophage
- a virus that infects bacteria
- blade
- a leaflike structure of algae
- budding
- a type of asexual reproduction in which a small outgrowth of the parent develops into an independent organism
- cilia
- the tiny, hairlike projections that help ciliates move
- conjugation
- the process of sexual reproduction in which two unicellular organisms exchange genetic information
- decomposer
- an organism that breaks down dead plant and animal material to return it to the soil
- electron microscope
- a microscope that uses a beam of electrons to produce magnified images
- endospore
- a protective capsule that some bacteria form
- extremophile
- a microorganism that lives in extreme conditions
- flagellum
- a thin, whiplike structure that helps an organism move through liquid
- heterotroph
- an organism that obtains food from an outside source
- HIV
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus-the virus that causes AIDS
- holdfast
- a rootlike structure an organism uses to anchor itself
- hyphae
- the threadlike filaments in fungi that produce enzymes
- influenza
- a contagious viral infection that causes muscle aches, inflammation of the respiratory system, fever, and chills
- malaria
- a disease caused by a sporozoan that is characterized by periodic attacks of chills an high fevers
- mold
- a type of fungus that grows on food or in damp places
- mushroom
-
a fungus with a cap on top of a stalk
- mutualism
- the relationship between two organisms that live and work together for the benefit of both
- mycelium
- the large mass of hyphae that forms the growing structure of fungi
- asexual reproduction
- a form of reproduction in which offspring arise from a single parent
- binary fission
- the cell division process in which one cell splits into two identical cells, each having a complete set of DNA
- cell theory
- a scientific explanation of the properties of cells
- cellular respiration
- the breaking down of food molecules by cells into usable energy
- chromosome
- a structure that contains genetic information and directs cell growth
- diffusion
- the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
- DNA
- the molecule within a cell that carries the genetic information of an organism
- endoplasmic reticulum
- an organelle that functions as the cell's transportation system
- Golgi apparatus
- an organelle that receives, packages, and disperses materials
- homeostasis
- the ability to maintain a stable internal enviroment
- life science
- the study of living things
- lipid
- an organic compound that is a fat or an oil
- lysosome
- an organelle that breaks down food particles and old cell organelles
- meiosis
- the cell division process that forms sex cells that contain half the usual number of chromosomes
- metabolism
- the sum of chemical activities taking place inside an organism
- mitochondrion
- an organelle that produces energy for the cell
- mitosis
- the cell division process that forms new cells with an identical copy of the parent's chromosomes
- nucleic acid
- an organic compound that contains genetic information
- nucleotide
- the basic structural unit of DNA
- organic compound
- a compound that contains carbon
- osmosis
- the diffusion of water through a membrane
- replication
- the process in which DNA molecules make exact duplicates
- ribosome
- an organelle that produces proteins rhizome
- sexual reproduction
- a form of reproduction in which offspring arise from two parents
- species
- a group of organisms that can mate with one another and produce fertile offspring
- technology
- the application of science
- vacuole
- an organelle that stores materials