chapter 22- scientific revolution
Terms
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- Begining of scientific revolution
- mid 1500s
- Geocentric
- belief that the earth was the center of the universe
- nicolaus copernicus
- heliocentric theory-sun was the center of the universe, vs. aristotle's geometric belief that the earth was the center of the universe.
- Tycho Brahe
- Danish astronomer carefully recofded the movements of the plants for many years and produced accurate data based on his observations. Died in 1601.
- Johannes Kepler
- Brahe's assistant who, whe Brahe died in 1601, took over. Kepler confluded that certain mathematical laws govern planetary motion. Onve of these laws shoed that the planets revolved around the sun in elliptical orbits instead of circels. Demonstrated mathematically that the plantets revolve around the sun.
- Galileo Galilei
- discovered the law of pendulum. Tested gravity, in 1610, he published a series of newsletters called Starry Messenger, which described his astonishing observations.
- scientific method
-
logical procedure for gathering and testing idea
1. observation
2. collect data
3. hypothesis
4. test hypothesis
5. conclusion - Who helped to advance the new approach, the scientfic method?
- Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes
- Francis Bacon
- english politician and writer
- Rene descartes
- developed analytical geometry, which linked algebra and geometry. Descartes relied on mathematics and logic, rather than experimentation. "I think therefore I am"
- Isaac Newton
- in 1687, hge published his ideas in a work called mathematical principles of natural philiosophy
- Zacarias Janssen
- dutch maker of eyeglasses
- Anton van Leeuwenhoek
- 1670s- used a microscope to observe bacteria swimming in tooth scrapings.
- Evangelista Torricelli
- developed the first mercury barometer-tool for measuring atmostpheric pressure and prdicting weather.
- Gabroe; Fahrenheit
- dutch physicist made the first thermometer to use mercury in glass-showed water freezing at 32 degrees
- Anders Celsius
- swedish astronomeer who created a scale for mecury thermometer which showed freezing at 0degrees
- Galen
- greek physician- never dissected the body of a human being- studied th anatomy of pigs
- Andreas Vesalius
- Flemish physician who dissected human corpses and published his observations.
- Willian Harvey
- published "on the motion of the heart and blood in animals" which showed that the heart acted as a pump to cir culate blood throughout the body.
- Edward Jenner
- introduced a smallpox vaccine--used cowpox as the worlds first vaccination
- Robert Boyle
- considered the founder of modern chemistry- challeneged aristotles idea- boyle's law
- Joseph Priestley
- separated one pure gas for air in 1774
- antoine lavoisier
- perfomed similar experiments as priestley and named the newly discovered gas oxygen