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Exam Review - software, education, artist, entertainment, and leisure

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WIKI: A Web site that lets anyone with access to a Web browser to modify its pages. The best-known example is Wikipedia.
RSS (Really Simple Syndication): An XML-based format for sharing data with aggregators, commonly used by bloggers.
upload: To post software or documents to an online source so they're available for others.
chat room: Public real-time teleconference.
graphics tablet: A pressure-sensitive touch tablet used as a pointing device. The user presses on the tablet with a stylus.
filtering software: Software that, for the most part, keeps offensive and otherwise inappropriate Web content from being viewed by children, on-duty workers, and others.
command-line interface: User interface that requires the user to type text commands on a command-line to communicate with the operating system.
true color: Color that is 24-bit or greater, allowing more than 16 million color choices per pixel, creating photorealistic images.
copyrighted software: Software that prevents a disk from being copied.
virtual worlds: Computer-generated worlds that create the illusion of immersion. Second Life is an example.
trackball: Pointing device that remains stationary while the user moves a protruding ball to control the pointer on the screen.
edutainment: Programs geared toward home markets that combine education and entertainment.
courseware: Educational software.
byte: Grouping of 8 bits.
Mac OS: The operating system for the Apple Macintosh computer.
utility programs: Software that serves as tools for doing system maintenance and some repairs that are not automatically handled by the operating system.
touchpad (trackpad): A small flat-panel pointing device that is sensitive to light pressure. The user moves the pointer by dragging a finger across the pad.
digital rights management (DRM): Technology now being used in many audio files to protect musicians' and other artists' intellectual property.
cracking: Unauthorized access and/or vandalism of computer systems; short for criminal hacking.
agents: Software programs that can ask questions, respond to commands, pay attention to users' work patterns, serve as a guide and a coach, take on owners' goals, and use reasoning to fabricate their own goals.
modeling: The use of computers to create abstract models of objects, organisms, organizations, and processes.
upgrade: A new and improved version of a software program.
image-processing software: Software that enables the user to manipulate photographs and other high-resolution images.
dots per inch (dpi): A measurement of the density of pixels, defining the resolution of a graphic.
copyright: A type of law that traditionally protects forms of literary expression.
hypertext: An interactive cross-referenced system that allows textual information to be linked in nonsequential ways. A hypertext document contains links that lead quickly to other parts of the document or to related documents.
digitize: Converting information into a digital form that can be stored in the computer's memory.
software license: An agreement allowing the use of a software program on a single machine.
TB (terabyte): Approximately 1 million megabytes.
graphical user interface (GUI): A user interface based on graphical displays. With a mouse, the user points to icons that represent files, folders, and disks. Documents are displayed in windows. The user selects commands from menus.
Web browsers: Application programs that enable you to explore the Web by clicking hyperlinks in Web pages stored on Web sites.
public domain: Creative work or intellectual property that is freely usable by anyone, either because the copyright has expired or because the creator obtained a Creative Commons license for the work.
hypermedia: The combination of text, numbers, graphics, animation, sound effects, music, and other media in hyperlinked documents.
public domain software: Free software that is not copyrighted, offered through World Wide Web sites, electronic bulletin boards, user groups, and other sources.
XML: Extensible markup language, a language that enables Web developers to control and display data the way they control text and graphics. Forms, database queries, and other data-intensive operations that can't be completely constructed with standard HTML are much easier with this language.
hyperlink: A word, phrase, or picture that acts as a button, enabling the user to explore the Web or a multimedia document with mouse clicks.
peer-to-peer file sharing: The online sharing of music or other computer files directly among individual computer users' hard drives, rather than through posting the files on central servers.
MB (megabyte): Approximately 1000K, or 1 million bytes.
raster (bit-mapped) graphics: Painting programs create raster graphics that are, to the computer, simple maps showing how the pixels on the screen should be represented.
bitmapped graphics: Graphics in which images are stored and manipulated as organized collections of pixels rather than as shapes and lines. Contrast with object-oriented graphics.
painting software: Enables you to paint pixels on the screen with a pointing device.
copy protected: Produced in a way that prevents any physical copying, such as is the case with software CDs and DVDs, especially some entertainment products.
photo management software: Programs that simplify and automate common tasks associated with capturing, organizing, editing, and sharing digital images.
bit: Binary digit, the smallest unit of information. A bit can have two values: 0 or 1.
network license: License for multiple copies or removing restrictions on software copying and use at a network site.
PB (petabyte): The equivalent of 1024 terabytes, or 1 quadrillion bytes.
computer-aided manufacturing (CAM): When the design of a product is completed, the numbers are fed to a program that controls the manufacturing of parts. For electronic parts the design translates directly into a template for etching circuits onto chips. Also called computer integrated manufacturing (CIM).
broadband connection: An Internet connection such as DSL or cable modem that offers higher bandwidth, and therefore faster transmission speed, than standard modem connections.
flash memory: A type of erasable memory chip used in cell phones, pagers, portable computers, and handheld computers, among other things.
ergonomic keyboard: A keyboard that places the keys at angles that allow your wrists to assume a more natural position while you type, potentially reducing the risk of repetitive-stress injuries.
GB (gigabyte): Approximately 1000MB.
nonlinear editing: A type of video editing in which audio and video clips are stored in digital form on hard disks for immediate access via video-editing software.
download: To copy software from an online source to a local computer.
privacy: Freedom from unauthorized access to one's person, or to knowledge about one's person.
asynchronous communication: Delayed communication, such as that used for newsgroups and mailing lists, where the sender and the recipients don't have to be logged in at the same time.
solid-state storage: Storage, such as flash memory, with no moving parts. Solid-state storage is likely to replace disk storage in the future.
distance education: Using computers, networks, and other technology to extend the educational process beyond the walls of a school, connecting students and faculty at remote locations.
ergonomics: The science of designing work environments that enable people and things to interact efficiently and safely.
clip art: A collection of redrawn images that you can cut out and paste into your own documents.
lossy compression: A type of compression in which some quality is lost in the process of compression and decompression.
binary number system: A system that denotes all numbers with combinations of two digits.
object-oriented graphics: The storage of pictures as collections of lines, shapes, and other objects.
Internet: A global interconnected network of thousands of networks linking academic, research, government, and commercial institutions, and other organizations and individuals. Also known as the Net.
morph: Video clip in which one image metamorphoses into another.
peer-to-peer model: A LAN model that allows every computer on the network to be both client and server.
compatible (compatibility): The ability of a software program to run on a specific computer system. Also, the ability of a hardware device to function with a particular type of computer.
real-time communication: Internet communication that enables you to communicate with other users who are logged on at the same time.
speech recognition: The identification of spoken words and sentences by a computer, making it possible for voice input to be converted into text files.
multimedia: Using some combination of text, graphics, animation, video, music, voice, and sound effects to communicate.
podcast: Radio- or television-style programs that can be downloaded on demand or automatically by subscription.
animation: The process of simulating motion with a series of still pictures.
computer monitoring: Using computer technology to track, record, and evaluate worker performance, often without the knowledge of the worker.
resolution: Density of pixels, measured by the number of dots per inch.
bandwidth: The quantity of information that can be transmitted through a communication medium in a given amount of time.
software piracy: The illegal duplication of copyrighted software.
color depth: Bit depth, the number of bits devoted to each pixel.
file decompression: The process of restoring a compressed file back to its original state.
lossless compression: Systems allowing files to be compressed and later decompressed without a loss of data.
wizard: A software help agent that walks the user through a complex process.
3-D modeling software: Software that enables the user to create 3-D objects. The objects can be rotated, stretched, and combined with other model objects to create complex 3-D scenes.
desktop publishing (DTP): Software used mainly to produce print publications. Also, the process of using desktop-publishing software to produce publications.
Shockwave Flash Format (SWF): A popular form of vector graphics format associated with the Adobe Flash Player.
menu-driven interface: User interface that enables users to choose commands from onscreen lists called menus.
laptop computer: A flat-screen, battery-powered portable computer that you can rest on your lap.
computer-aided instruction (CAI): Software programs for teaching that combine drill-and-practice software and tutorial software.
PDF (portable document format): Allows documents of all types to be stored, viewed, or modified on any Windows or Macintosh computer, making it possible for many organizations to reduce paper flow.
electronic book (ebook): A handheld device that displays digital representations of the contents of books.
digital divide: A term that describes the divide between the people who do and do not have access to the Internet.
compression: Making files smaller using special encoding schemes. File compression saves storage space on disks and saves transmission time when files are transferred through networks.
touch screen: Pointing device that responds when the user points to or touches different screen regions.
drill-and-practice software: Teaching software based on the principles of individualized rate, small steps, and positive feedback.
computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM): The combination of CAD and CAM.
biometrics: Measurements of individual body characteristics, such as a voiceprint or fingerprint; sometimes used in computer security.
3G: The next generation of mobile wireless technology, which promises high-bandwidth connections that will support true multimedia, including real-time video.
MP3: A method of compression that can squeeze a music file to a fraction of its original CD file size with only slight loss of quality.
joystick: A gearshiftlike device used as a controller for arcade-style computer games.
optical disc drive: A disk drive that uses laser beams to read and write bits of information on the surface of an optical disc.
aggregator: An RSS-reading Web browser that periodically visits Web sites, examines feeds, and displays new content.
Linux: An operating system based on UNIX, maintained by volunteers, and distributed for free. Linux is used mostly in servers and embedded computers, but is growing in popularity as a PC operating system.
video-editing software: Software for editing digital video, including titles, sound, and special effects.
MIDI: Musical Instrument Digital Interface, a standard interface that allows electronic instruments and computers to communicate with each other and work together.
blog: Short for Web log, a personal Web page that often carries diary-like entries or political commentaries. Blogs are fast proliferating as new software allows users to create Web pages without having to learn the technical details of HTML and Web authoring.
communication software: Software that enables computers to interact with each other over a phone line or other network.
artificial intelligence (AI): The field of computer science devoted to making computers perceive, reason, and act in ways that have, until now, been reserved for human beings.
Shockwave/Flash: Adobe plug-ins that enable Web browsers to present compressed interactive multimedia documents and animations created with various authoring tools.
distributed computing: Integrating all kinds of computers, from mainframes to PCs, into a single, seamless system.
user interface: The look and feel of the computing experience from a human point of view.
computer addiction: The condition in which networking and surfing the Net become more real and interesting than the everyday physical world.
bit depth: Color depth, the number of bits devoted to each pixel in a color display.
digital versatile discs (DVD): Digital video disc or digital versatile disc, a popular type of high-capacity optical disc used in both consumer video playback machines and computers.
page-layout software: In desktop publishing, software used to combine various source documents into a coherent, visually appealing publication.
digital camera: A camera that captures images and stores them as bit patterns on disks or other digital storage media instead of using film.
pattern recognition: Identifying recurring patterns in input data with the goal of understanding or categorizing that input.
file compression: The process of reducing the size of a file so that you can fit more files into the same amount of disk space.
patent: A type of law that protects mechanical inventions.
application program (application): Software tool that allows a computer to be used for specific purposes.
Web authoring software: Programs such as Adobe's. Dreamweaver that work like desktop publishing page layout programs to allow users to create, edit, and manage Web pages and sites without having to write HTML code.
virtual reality: Technology that creates the illusion that the user is immersed in a world that exists only inside the computer, an environment that contains both scenes and the controls to change those scenes.
intellectual property: The results of intellectual activities in the arts, science, and industry.
analog signal: A continuous wave.
operating system (OS): A system of programs that performs a variety of technical operations, providing an additional layer of insulation between the user and the bits-and-bytes world of computer hardware.
hypertext link: A Web connection to another document or site, like the many that loosely tie together millions of Web pages.
vector graphics: The storage of pictures as collections of lines, shapes, and other objects.
computer-aided design (CAD): The use of computers to draw products or process designs on the screen.
authoring tools: Software used to create multimedia presentations.
repetitive-stress injuries: Conditions that result from repeating the same movements over long periods, such as keyboarding-induced carpal tunnel syndrome, a painful affliction of the wrist and hand.
carpal tunnel syndrome: An affliction of the wrist and hand that results from repeating the same movements over long periods.
pixel: A picture element (dot) on a computer screen or printout. Groups of pixels compose the images on the monitor and the output of a printout.
sampling rate: The rate that a sound wave is sampled; the more samples per second, the more closely the digitized sound approximates the original.
multimedia-authoring software: Enables the creation and editing of multimedia documents.
binary: A choice of two values, such as yes and no or zero and one.
site license: License for multiple copies or removing restrictions on software copying and use at a network site.
image analysis: The process of identifying objects and shapes in a photograph, drawing, video, or other visual image.
massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPG): Internet games that support thousands of simultaneous players, allowing them to assume roles of particular characters in shared virtual worlds.
analog-to-digital converter (ADC): A device that converts electrical charges into discrete values, allowing continuous signals to be stored in computers.
interactive multimedia: Multimedia that enables the user to take an active part in the experience.
HTML (hypertext markup language): An HTML document is a text file that includes codes that describe the format, layout, and logical structure of a hypermedia document. Most Web pages are created with HTML.
educational simulations: Software that enables students to explore artificial environments that are imaginary or based on reality. Most have the look and feel of a game, but they challenge students to learn through exploration, experimentation, and interaction with other students.
tweening: The automatic creation of in-between frames in an animation.
open-source software: Software that can be distributed and modified freely by users; Linux is the best-known example.
force feedback joystick: A joystick that receives signals from a computer and gives tactile feedback, such as jolts and bumps, matching the visual output of the game or simulation, an example of an enhanced input device that delivers output.
audio digitizers: Hardware devices or software programs that capture a sound and store it as a data file on a disk.
drawing software: Stores a picture as a collection of lines and shapes. Also stores shapes as shape formulas and text as text.
augmented reality (AR): The use of computer displays that add virtual information to a person's sensory perceptions, supplementing rather than replacing (as in virtual reality) the world the user sees.
shareware: Software that is free for the trying, with a send-payment if-you-keep-it honor system.
volume licenses: Special license agreements for entire companies, schools, or government institutions to make use of a program.
KB (kilobyte): About 1000 bytes of information.
character-based interface: A user interface based on text characters rather than graphics.
plagiarism: The act of presenting someone else's work as one's own.

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Deck Info

Number of cards 149