Graphic Design
Terms
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- Stem Stroke
- Main stroke of a letter
- 19th Century
- industrialized production ~ most things advertised w/type ~ LARGER type needed => wooden blocks = strong storkes
- Egyptian Serif
- 19th Century; Industrial Revolution; little contrast between stem and hairline; little or no bracketing; thick squarish serifs; vertical stress; bold and decorative; Clarendon
- Font
- complete version; includes all letters, #s, symbols, and punctuation
- Kerning
- Space between letters in the same line of type
- Old Style Serif
- 15th, 16th century; humanist; heavy bracketed serifs; oblique stress in characters; serifs often cupped; Sabon, Garamond
- Ascender
- part of a letter above the x-height line
- Hairline Stroke
- Secondary stroke of a letter
- Family
- Includes all the roman, italic, condensed, extended, thin & bold versions of the type face
- Decorative, Display Script
- Inline, outline, contour, shaded; ornate; rustic, textured; highly condense; extremely extended
- Renaissance
- letters based on the porportions of the human body
- Sans Serif
- 20th century; no serifs; little/no difference between hairline and stem; geometric and abstract; Franklin Gothic, Gill Sans, Helvetica, Futura
- Printing Press
- Negative space cut out of lead block; constructed shapes based on handwriting
- Romans
- Used type in their architecture ~ chiseled into walls
- Typeface
- Only the uppercase, lowercase, and numerals; not a complete font; in its regular weight only
- Gutenberg
- Invented the printing press in 1455
- 1 inch (picas)
- 6 picas
- Modern Serif
- Late 18th century, early 19th century; extreme contrasts between stem and hairline; no bracketing of serifs; strong vertical stress; radically abstract; Bodon
- 20th Century
- Modernism ~ simplification squares, circles, triangles ~ reduced to the simplest form possible
- Descender
- part of a letter below the base line
- 1 inch (points)
- 72 points
- Type Style
- One variation in the type family
- 1 pica (points)
- 12 points
- Leading
- space between lines of type (baseline to baseline); visual impact by reducing it
- Monks
- Used fountain pens ~ thickness varies w/angle
- Transitional Serif
- Mid 18th century; sharper serifs; more vertical axis; stronger contrast between stem and hairline; more abstract and less organic; Baskerville
- Optical flush
- making headlines look flush to take care of negative spaces
- Ligatures
- Connected letters within a word