Cognitive Psychology
Terms
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- Sperling, G
- Studied the capacity of sensory memory using the partial-report method
- McClellan, and Rumelhart
- Suggested that the brain processes information using parallel distributed processing (PDP)
- Thurstone, L
- Used factor analysis to study primary mental abilities - factors more specific than g but more general than s
- Cattell, R
- Divided intelligence into fluid and crystallized and looked at how they change throughout the lifespan
- Bartlett, E
- Investigated the role of schemata in memory; concluded that memory is largely a reconstructive process
- Ebbinghaus, H
- Studied memory using nonsense syllables and the method of savings
- Collins, A and Loftus, E
- Devised the spreading activation model of semantic memory
- Paivio, A
- Proposed dual-code hypothesis
- Spearman, C
- Suggested that individual differences in intelligence were largely due to differences in amount of a general factor called g
- Gardner, H
- Proposed a theory of multiple intelligences that divides intelligence into seven different types, all of which are equally important; traditional IQ tests measure only two of the seven types
- Whorf, B
- Hypothesized that language determines how reality is perceived
- Macoby, E and Jacklin, C
- Found support for gender differences in verbal ability
- Sternberg, R
- Proposed triarchic theory that divides intelligence into three types: componential, experiential, and contextual
- Loftus, E
- Studied eyewitness memory and concluded that our memories can be altered by presenting new information or by asking misleading questions
- Luchins, A
- Used the water-jar problem to study the effect of mental sets on problem solving
- Craik, F and Lockhart, R
- Developed the levels-of-processing theory of memory as an alternative to the stage theory of memory
- Miller, G
- Found that the capacity of short-term memory is seven (plus or minus two) items
- Smith, Shoben, and Rips
- Devised the semantic feature-comparison model of semantic memory
- Kahneman, D. Tverksy, A
- Investigated the use of heuristics in decision making; studied the availability heuristic and the representative heuristic
- Chomsky, N
- Distinguished between the surface structure and deep structure of a sentence; studied transformational rules that could be used to transform one sentence into another
- Guilford, J
- Devised divergent thinking test to measure creativity