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Cognitive Psychology

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Sperling, G
Studied the capacity of sensory memory using the partial-report method
McClellan, and Rumelhart
Suggested that the brain processes information using parallel distributed processing (PDP)
Thurstone, L
Used factor analysis to study primary mental abilities - factors more specific than g but more general than s
Cattell, R
Divided intelligence into fluid and crystallized and looked at how they change throughout the lifespan
Bartlett, E
Investigated the role of schemata in memory; concluded that memory is largely a reconstructive process
Ebbinghaus, H
Studied memory using nonsense syllables and the method of savings
Collins, A and Loftus, E
Devised the spreading activation model of semantic memory
Paivio, A
Proposed dual-code hypothesis
Spearman, C
Suggested that individual differences in intelligence were largely due to differences in amount of a general factor called g
Gardner, H
Proposed a theory of multiple intelligences that divides intelligence into seven different types, all of which are equally important; traditional IQ tests measure only two of the seven types
Whorf, B
Hypothesized that language determines how reality is perceived
Macoby, E and Jacklin, C
Found support for gender differences in verbal ability
Sternberg, R
Proposed triarchic theory that divides intelligence into three types: componential, experiential, and contextual
Loftus, E
Studied eyewitness memory and concluded that our memories can be altered by presenting new information or by asking misleading questions
Luchins, A
Used the water-jar problem to study the effect of mental sets on problem solving
Craik, F and Lockhart, R
Developed the levels-of-processing theory of memory as an alternative to the stage theory of memory
Miller, G
Found that the capacity of short-term memory is seven (plus or minus two) items
Smith, Shoben, and Rips
Devised the semantic feature-comparison model of semantic memory
Kahneman, D. Tverksy, A
Investigated the use of heuristics in decision making; studied the availability heuristic and the representative heuristic
Chomsky, N
Distinguished between the surface structure and deep structure of a sentence; studied transformational rules that could be used to transform one sentence into another
Guilford, J
Devised divergent thinking test to measure creativity

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