The Biosphere Chapter 3
Terms
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- What is ecology?
- The scientific study if the interactions amoung organisms and between organisms and their enviorment
- What does the biosphere contain?
- The combined portions of the planet in which all life exist, include land, water and air or atmosphere
- Why do ecologists ask questions about events and organisms that range in complexity from an individual to a biosphere?
- To understand relationship within the biosphere
- Species
- a group of organisms so similar to one another that they bread and produced fertile offspring
- Population
- a group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area
- Community
- differnt populations living toghether in one defined area
- Ecosystem
- where you mix living and non-living things, and theyre living together
- Biome
- A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant communities
- What is the highest level of organization that ecologist study?
- biosphere
- What are three basic approaches scientiist use to conduct modern ecological research
-
a. observation
b. expieriment
c. modeling - Why might an ecologist set up an artificial enviroment in a labrotory?
- To use it for educational purposes and for observations
- Why are many ecological phenomena difficult to study?
- Becuase it may not happen often, its only during a perid of time, may be dangrous
- Why do ecologists make models?
- To make it easier to learn, for educational purposes
- Is the following sentence true or false? An ecological model may consist of a mathmatical formula
- True
- What is the core of every organism's interaction with the enviroment?
- Its need for energy to power life's processes
- What source of energy do organisms that don't use the suns energy?
- autorophs
- What are autotrophs
- Only plants, some algea and certain bacteria can capture energy and produce their own food
- Why are autotrophs also called producers
- Because they capture energy and produce their own food
- What do autrophs do during photosynthesis
- use light energy and produce their own food
- Which kind of autroph is the main producer of land
- plants
- Which kind of autroph is the main producer of the upper layers of the ocean
- algea
- Which kind of autroph is the main producer of tidal flats and salt marshes?
- bacteria
- What is chemosynthesis?
- When orgainisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates
- Where do bacteria that carry out chemosynthesis live?
- such as volcanic vents, deep ocean floor and hot springs in yellow stone park
- Heterotrophs are also called
- consumers
- Herbivor is a type of heterotroph give an example and definition
-
eats only plants
example: cows, rabbits - Carnivores is a type of heterotroph give an example and definition
-
heterotroph that eats animals
ex. snakes, dogs and owls - Omnivore is a type of heterotroph give an example and definition
-
eat both plants and animals
ex. humans, bears, crows - Detritivore is a type of heterotroph give an example and definition
-
feed on plant and animal remains
ex. mites, earthworms, snails, crabs - Decomposer is a type of heterotroph give an example and definition
-
Breaks down organisms matter
ex.bacteria and fungi - Plants and animal remains and other dead matter are collectively called what?
- detritus
- how does energy flow through an ecosystem ?
- In one direction from the sun or inorganic compiunds to autotophs (producers and then to various hetertroph consumers )
- Food Chain
- A series of steps in which orgainisms transfers energy by eating and being eaten
- Food Web
- When feeding relationships amoung the various organisms in an ecosystem form a network
- What does a food web link together
- the tropic level
- What is a tropic level
- each step in a food chain
- In a food web, what organisms make up the first trophic level
- producers
- WHat does a consumer in a food chain depend on for energy
- On the trophic land below it for energy
- What is an ecological pyramid
- a diagram that shows the relative amounts of energu or matter contained with in each tropical level in a food chain or food web
- Why is that the only pary of the energu stored in one trophic level is passed on to the next level?
- Organisms use about 10% of thsi energy for life process, the rest is lost as heat
- Third level consumers
- 0.1%
- 2nd level consumers
- 1%
- 1st level consumers
- 10%
- What is biomass?
- The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level
- What does a biomass pyramid represent?
- The amount of living organic matter at each tropic level
- Why can each trophic level support only about one tenth the amount of living tissue as the level below it?
- Because each tropic level hearvest only about one teneth of the energy from the level below