Integrated Korean Adv. Int. 1 Grammar Points
Terms
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- ~ë„ (ã…¡ë§ê³ ) ~ë„ ë§ê³
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neither ~ nor ~ , but...
ex: ë°¥ë„ (ë§ê³ ) ìˆ ë„ ë§ê³ ìž ë§Œ ìžê³ 싶어요.
I need neither food nor drink. I just want to sleep.
(3.1) - action verb + ê³ ë‚˜ë‹¤
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to have just finished doing ~
(3.2) - Noun 하면
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if (when)ones does (says, thinks) about Noun; speaking of Noun
(3.3) - ~(으)ㄹ í…ë°
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be supposed to do/be, and/but/so; probably; most likely
ex: 비가 올 í…ë° ê°€ì§€ 마세요.
It is supposed to rain, so please don't go.
(3.5) -
~어/아 놓다
~ì–´/ì•„ ë‘다 -
to do something for later;
to do something and keep it that way (or for future use)
(3.8) -
어찌나 ~ 는지
(으)ㄴ지 -
so ~ that ~; too ~ to ~
ex: 나는 어찌나 기뻤ë˜ì§€ ëˆˆë¬¼ì´ ë‚¬ë‹¤.
I was so happy that I cried.
(4.6) - verb stem + 다 못해(서)
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to be unable to continue to ~
(4.7) - verb stem + ì–´/ì•„ ë¹ ì§€ë‹¤
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extremely, become very ~
ex: 우리 ì•„ë“¤ì€ ê²Œì„러 ë¹ ì¡Œì–´ìš”.
My son is extremely lazy.
(4.8) - verb stem + (ㅅ)ㅂ디다
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(past experience/observation) I saw/heard/experienced
(4.9) - ì–´/ì•„ 가지ê³
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with; by doing/being; for the reason that
(4.11) - ~만 못하다
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to not be as good as
(5.3) - ~ê² ë„¤ìš”
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I guess (he/she/it/they/you) probably ...(=ê² ì–´ìš”)
(5.5) - 말고
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not ... but...; instead of ...; except; but; other than
ex: ì´ê²ƒ ë§ê³ ë” ì¢‹ì€ ê²ƒì„ ì£¼ì„¸ìš”. Please give me something better than this.
(5.7) - Verb stem + ê³ í•´ì„œ
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because...and the like; and such; so; for the reason that ~; because (usually 2 or more reasons
(5.8) - verb stem + ë”ë¼êµ¬ìš”
- I saw/witnessed/felt that; you know
- ~어/아서야
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only when; not until
ex: 1968ë…„ì— ì™€ì„œì•¼
..not until 1968...
(5.13) - (그)얼마나...가/까
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how/what....!
ex: ê·¸ ì‚¬ëžŒì€ ì–¼ë§ˆë‚˜ 기ì 까.
How excited they must be!
(6.1) - ~다(가) 보니(까)
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while one kept (doing); as a result of doing
ex: ë‚ ë§ˆë‹¤ 놀다 보니까 바보가 외어 ë²„ë ¸ì–´ìš”.
As a result of playing around every day, I ended up being a fool.
(6.6) - Noun + (ì´)ë¼(ì„œ)
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because it is, as it is
ex: ì¼ìš”ì¼ì´ë¼(ì„œ) 차가 막히지 ì•Šì•„ìš”.
Because it is Sunday, the traffic is smoot.
(6.8) - ~는지/(으)ㄴ지
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probably because; maybe because
ex: ì•„ë¬´ë„ ì—†ëŠ”ì§€ ì§‘ì•ˆì´ ì¡°ìš©í•˜ë‹¤.
Probably because nobody is in, it's quiet inside the house.
(6.11) - ~어다(가)/아다(가)
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to carry ~ from one place to another
ex: ê·¸ ë„ë‘‘ì„ ìž¡ì•„ë‹¤ ê°ì˜¥ì— ê°€ë‘었다.
They arrested the thief and put him in jail.
(7.2) - ~는가/(으)ㄴ가/(으)ㄹ까 해서
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wondering if ~ ; thinking that ~
ex: ë„와 주실 수 ìžˆìœ¼ì‹ ê°€ 해서요.
I was wondering if you could help me.
(7.6) - ~다 싶다
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it appears that
ex: 미아가 올까 싶지 않다.
It appears unlikely that Mia will come.
(8.1) - ~기 보다는
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rather than
ex: 새 ì¼ì¼ 시작하기보다는 í•˜ë˜ ì¼ì„ ë¨¼ì € ë내지요.
Rather than starting new work let's finish up the work we have been doing.
(8.2) - ~ì— ì§€ë‚˜ì§€ 않다
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to be nothing but; to be no more than; merely
ex:나는 í‰ë²”í•œ í•™ìƒì— 지나지않는다.
I am nothing but a common student
(9.1) - ~곤/ê³ ëŠ” 하다
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to do habitually; to do occasionally
ex: 우리 아버지는 í† ìš”ì¼ì´ë©´ 등산하시곤 í•´ìš”.
My father occasionally goes mountain climbing on Sundays.
(9.2) - ~ê³ ~ ê³ í•˜ë‹¤
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repeated action
ex: 그는 ë‚ ë§ˆë‹¤ ë¨¹ê³ ìžê³ 만 한다.
He eats and sleeps every day.
(9.7) - ~ë˜ ê²ƒì´ë‹¤
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The fact is that (someone/
something) did...
Ex: ê·¸ ì‚¬ëžŒì˜ ì¸ìƒì„ ì‚´ë ¤ì¤¬ì§€ë§Œ
ë²”ì¸ì´ë˜ 것입니다.
He saved that person's life, but the fact is he's a criminal.
9.3 - ~지요.
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Sentence ending with many meanings.
I'm sure; I assure
Ex: 실패ì—ì„œ ìƒê¸´ ë°œëª…í’ˆë„ ìžˆì§€ìš”. Surely there are inventions derived from failure.
Wondering
Ex: ì € í•™ìƒì´ 누구지요?
Who is that student? (I wonder.)
Seeking agreement
Ex: ì´ ë°°ë¥¼ ë§Œë“ ìž¥êµ°ì´ ì´ìˆœì‹ 장군ì´ì£ ?
The admiral who invented this boat is Admiral Yi Sunsin, isn't it?
Supposition
Ex: 아마 ê·¸ ë„ë‘‘ì€ ìž¡ížˆê³ ë§ì•˜ì§€ìš”.
I suppose the thief (probably) ended up being caught.
Suggestion
Ex: 들어오시지요.
Would you come in, please?
(9.4) -
그러게 (ë§ì´ë‹¤)
글쎄 ë§ì´ì•¼ -
I agree; that's right
Ex: A: 오늘 ì •ë§ ë°”ëžŒì´ ì„¸ìš”.
B: 그러세 ë§ì´ì—ìš”.
(9.5) - (ì´)래
-
It is said that...
Ex: 마ì´í´ì€ 아주 열심ì´ëž˜.
Michael is said to be very diligent.
(9.6) - ~다는 ê²ë‹ˆë‹¤
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It is/was said/reported/
found that..
Ex: ê·¸ ë„ë‘‘ì´ ìž¡í˜”ë‹¤ëŠ” ê²ë‹ˆë‹¤.
It is said that the thief was caught.
(1.2) - 다시 ë§í•´ì„œ
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In other words...
(1.3) - ~는가요?(으)ㄴ가요?
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Polite question form, denoting wonder of the speaker
Ex: 사ë¼ëŠ” ìžëŠ”가요?
Is Sara sleeping? (I wonder)
(1.4) - ~ì„/를 대ìƒìœ¼ë¡œ
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Taking (something/someone) as a (research) subject
Ex: 실ì§ìžë¥¼ 대ìƒìœ¼ë¡œ 실ì§ì˜ ì´ìœ 를 물어 보았다.
Taking jobless people as subjects, they asked the reasons for unemployment.
(1.1) - ~ê±°ë“ ìš”.
-
Because, since, as, indeed
Ex:ë¹¡ì— ë˜ ë¹„ê°€ 와요.
It's raining outside again.
ìžë¼ì² ì´ê±°ë“ ìš”.
That's because it's the rainy season.
(1.5) - ê·¸ë ‡ì§€ ì•Šì•„ë„/그러잖아ë„
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as a matter of fact...
Ex: ê·¸ë ‡ì§€ ì•Šì•„ë„ ì†Œì˜ ì”¨ë¥¼ 만나러 ê°„ë‹¤ê³ í–ˆì–´ìš”.
As a matter of fact, he said he would go to meet you, So-yong.
(1.6) - ë§ì”€ 낮추세요.
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Not a grammar point. Idiomatic expression used by a younger to older when the older person keeps using polite speech.
(1.7) - ~다(가) ~다(가) 하다
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Alternation of actions or states
Ex: ë§Žì€ ì‚¬ëžŒë“¤ì´ ë“¤ì–´ì™”ë‹¤(ê°€) 나갔다(ê°€) 했다.
Many people kept coming in and going out.
(1.8) - ~기(ê°€) ì¼ì‘¤ì´ë‹¤
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Always doing (something unpleasant)
Ex: ê·¸ 남ìžëŠ” 거짓ë§í•˜ê¸°(ê°€) ì¼ì‘¤ì˜ˆìš”.
The man lies every time he turns around.
(1.10) - 만씀 ë‘중 실례지만
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Excuse me for interrupting, but...
Not really a grammar point. Used when butting into a conversation.
(1.11) - ë‚´ ì •ì‹ ì¢€ ë´
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I completely forgot about it.
Not a grammar point, just an idiomatic expression.
(1.12)